Global existence of strong solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz-Slonczewski equation

In this paper, we focus on the existence of strong solutions for the Cauchy problem of the three-dimensional Landau-Lifshitz-Slonczewski equation. We construct a new combination of Bourgain space and Lebesgue space where linear and nonlinear estimates can be closed by applying frequency decomposition and energy methods. Finally, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the global strong solution provided that the initial data belongs to Besov space $\dot{B}^{\frac{n}{2}}_{\Omega}$.Comment: 24 page

REGULATION OF SHAPE DYNAMICS AND ACTIN POLYMERIZATION DURING COLLECTIVE CELL MIGRATION

This thesis aims to understand how cells coordinate their motion during collective migration. As previously shown, the motion of individually migrating cells is governed by wave-like cell shape dynamics. The mechanisms that regulate these dynamic behaviors in response to extracellular environment remain largely unclear. I applied shape dynamics analysis to Dictyostelium cells migrating in pairs and in multicellular streams and found that wave-like membrane protrusions are highly coupled between touching cells. I further characterized cell motion by using principle component analysis (PCA) to decompose complex cell shape changes into a serial shape change modes, from which I found that streaming cells exhibit localized anterior protrusion, termed front narrowing, to facilitate cell-cell coupling. I next explored cytoskeleton-based mechanisms of cell-cell coupling by measuring the dynamics of actin polymerization. Actin polymerization waves observed in individual cells were significantly suppressed in multicellular streams. Streaming cells exclusively produced F-actin at cell-cell contact regions, especially at cell fronts. I demonstrated that such restricted actin polymerization is associated with cell-cell coupling, as reducing actin polymerization with Latrunculin A leads to the assembly of F-actin at the side of streams, the decrease of front narrowing, and the decoupling of protrusion waves. My studies also suggest that collective migration is guided by cell-surface interactions. I examined the aggregation of Dictyostelim cells under distinct conditions and found that both chemical compositions of surfaces and surface-adhesion defects in cells result in altered collective migration patterns. I also investigated the shape dynamics of cells suspended on PEG-coated surfaces, which showed that coupling of protrusion waves disappears on touching suspended cells. These observations indicate that collective migration requires a balance between cell-cell and cell-surface adhesions. I hypothesized such a balance is reached via the regulation of cytoskeleton. Indeed, I found cells actively regulate cytoskeleton to retain optimal cell-surface adhesions on varying surfaces, and cells lacking the link between actin and surfaces (talin A) could not retain the optimal adhesions. On the other hand, suspended cells exhibited enhanced actin filament assembly on the periphery of cell groups instead of in cell-cell contact regions, which facilitates their aggregation in a clumping fashion

The Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the Application of Barcelona Sanchez’s Typical Model of Romantic Love to Dream in Peony Pavilion

This thesis is a report on the application of Barcelona Sanchez’s typical model of romantic love to the Chinese literary work Dream in Peony Pavilion. In this play, the main theme is about love between two young people who are not supposed to have love desire freely. Language of emotion has been widely believed to be conceptualized metaphorically and metonymically. Barcelona Sanchez has identified some love metaphors and metonymies in Romeo and Juliet and how they apply to the typical model of romantic love. The similar attempt will be done in Dream in Peony Pavilion to find out whether this model can be applied to a Chinese text. A conclusion gradually emerges from this discussion is that this model can be partly applicable to Dream in Peony Pavilion

Analysis and visualization of traffic signal performances

Road transportation network is significant backbone of current society with the increasing demand of mobility. Traffic controlling is a big challenge in many cities, especially growing cities. Since the capacity of traffic throughput is limited in urban area, it is critical to improve the capacity of traffic network. Traffic signals controlling as an elementary component of all the road transportation system, and it is used to solve this problem of traffic conflict on intersections. However, many traffic management systems lack the ability to qualify characterized arterial performances. That also provides the reason to develop methods to qualifying arterial performances. The performance of traffic flow through intersections depends on the phases, sequence and the timing of traffic signals. Therefore, efficient traffic signal operation is vital for smooth traffic flows in signalized network, and well-maintained signal operation is greatly beneficial for road users. With the increasing traffic jam on the road, traffic engineers are looking for some new approaches on intuitive interface to manage and analyze the traffic signal system. Some traffic solutions provide measurements of traffic performance, like ImFlow system, which is a business product on European market. ImFlow requires very high expenditures for equipment, installation and maintenance. The purpose of my thesis is to develop a substitute of ImFlow that has no extra demand of equipment on roadway, as an economic and lightweight solution to satisfy the demand of performance analysis, and further to assist traffic engineers manage and maintain traffic signal system in prevailing intersections. A critical work for the thesis is to select suitable and useful measurements of signal performances based on available traffic data and engineers requirements. The selected performances in the thesis include green duration, queue length, waiting time, volume, maximum capacity, saturation flow rate, active green and percentage of vehicle arrival on green. The algorithms used in the thesis are referred from others previous research and adjusted based on our actual cases. According to measurements of those traffic performances, traffic engineers could make decisions with analytical traffic data. The thesis provides approaches to process and analyze traffic signal data in Finland, implement and visualize measurements of traffic signal performances. An important contribution of the thesis is that provides an economical and lightweight solution to analyze traffic signal data and spreads the service to general intersections

Analysis of the Impacts of Cochlear Implants in the Adults of Sensorineural Hearing Loss: What Is New and Not So New: A Literature Review

PURPOSE: the purpose of this systematic review is to advise on advantages and clinical outcomes of Cochlear implants in adult population with sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: A systematic search of several electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, was used to identify relevant studies for inclusion. RESULTS: 16 articles were included in our study most of the studies showed better speech recognition, quality of life, speech perception and social interactions. Consistent use of implant showed better results as well as early implantation. CONCLUSION: Early intervention and consistent use of implant is necessary for desired outcome. Sensorineural hearing loss have many different causes from simple infection to genetic mutations. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-05 Publication date:September 30th 202

Membrane Dynamics Correlate with Formation of Signaling Clusters during Cell Spreading

AbstractThe morphology and duration of contacts between cells and adhesive surfaces play a key role in several biological processes, such as cell migration, cell differentiation, and the immune response. The interaction of receptors on the cell membrane with ligands on the adhesive surface leads to triggering of signaling pathways, which allow cytoskeletal rearrangement, and large-scale deformation of the cell membrane, which allows the cell to spread over the substrate. Despite numerous studies of cell spreading, the nanometer-scale dynamics of the membrane during formation of contacts, spreading, and initiation of signaling are not well understood. Using interference reflection microscopy, we study the kinetics of cell spreading at the micron scale, as well as the topography and fluctuations of the membrane at the nanometer scale during spreading of Jurkat T cells on antibody-coated substrates. We observed two modes of spreading, which were characterized by dramatic differences in membrane dynamics and topography. Formation of signaling clusters was closely related to the movement and morphology of the membrane in contact with the activating surface. Our results suggest that cell membrane morphology may be a critical constraint on signaling at the cell-substrate interface

LEEC: A Legal Element Extraction Dataset with an Extensive Domain-Specific Label System

As a pivotal task in natural language processing, element extraction has gained significance in the legal domain. Extracting legal elements from judicial documents helps enhance interpretative and analytical capacities of legal cases, and thereby facilitating a wide array of downstream applications in various domains of law. Yet existing element extraction datasets are limited by their restricted access to legal knowledge and insufficient coverage of labels. To address this shortfall, we introduce a more comprehensive, large-scale criminal element extraction dataset, comprising 15,831 judicial documents and 159 labels. This dataset was constructed through two main steps: first, designing the label system by our team of legal experts based on prior legal research which identified critical factors driving and processes generating sentencing outcomes in criminal cases; second, employing the legal knowledge to annotate judicial documents according to the label system and annotation guideline. The Legal Element ExtraCtion dataset (LEEC) represents the most extensive and domain-specific legal element extraction dataset for the Chinese legal system. Leveraging the annotated data, we employed various SOTA models that validates the applicability of LEEC for Document Event Extraction (DEE) task. The LEEC dataset is available on https://github.com/THUlawtech/LEEC

A Knowledge-Enhanced Recommendation Model with Attribute-Level Co-Attention

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely employed in recommender systems including incorporating attention mechanism for performance improvement. However, most of existing attention-based models only apply item-level attention on user side, restricting the further enhancement of recommendation performance. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-enhanced recommendation model ACAM, which incorporates item attributes distilled from knowledge graphs (KGs) as side information, and is built with a co-attention mechanism on attribute-level to achieve performance gains. Specifically, each user and item in ACAM are represented by a set of attribute embeddings at first. Then, user representations and item representations are augmented simultaneously through capturing the correlations between different attributes by a co-attention module. Our extensive experiments over two realistic datasets show that the user representations and item representations augmented by attribute-level co-attention gain ACAM's superiority over the state-of-the-art deep models

Long-term BMI change trajectories in Chinese adults and its association with the hazard of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 20-year China Health and Nutrition Survey.

INTRODUCTION To investigate the relationship between long-term change trajectory in body mass index (BMI) and the hazard of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Type 2 diabetes was reported by participants themselves in each survey wave. The duration of follow-up was defined as the period from the first visit to the first time self-reported type 2 diabetes, death, or other loss to follow-up from CHNS. The patterns of change trajectories in BMI were derived by latent class trajectory analysis method. The Fine and Gray regression model was used to estimate HRs with corresponding 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Four patterns of the trajectories of change in BMI were identified among Chinese adults, 42.7% of participants had stable BMI change, 40.8% for moderate BMI gain, 8.9% for substantial BMI gain and 7.7% for weight loss. During the follow-up with mean 11.2 years (158 637 person-years contributed by 14 185 participants), 498 people with type 2 diabetes (3.7%) occurred. Risk of type 2 diabetes was increased by 47% among people who gained BMI more substantially and rapidly (HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.02, p=0.016) and increased by 20% among those in people with the moderate BMI gain (HR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.48, p=0.078), compared with those with stable BMI change. CONCLUSIONS Long-term substantial gain of BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese adults