REAL-TIME MONITORING DEFORMATION OF BUILDING USING PHOTOGRAPHY DYNAMIC MONITORING SYSTEM

The spatial structure building is a type of building system; it is necessary to monitor deformation to determine its stability and robustness. Under the dynamic deformation of structures, it is challenging to determine appropriate zero image (the reference image) if we use the PST-IM- MP (photograph scale transformation-image matching-motion parallax) method to obtain the deformation of structures. This paper offers the Z-MP (zero-centered motion parallax) method to solve these problems and offers PDMS (Photography Dynamic Monitoring System) based on the digital photography system to monitor the dynamic deformation of the tennis stadium located in Jinan Olympic Sports Center. The results showed that the spatial structures of the tennis stadium were robust, and the deformations were elastic and within the permissible value. Compared with the PST-IM-MP method, the Z-MP method is more suitable for deformation monitoring structures under real-time deformation. This paper indicates PDMS has advantages of the simplicity of operations, automation, and the ability of non-contact dynamic deformation monitoring for multiple points in a short period. In the future, it will have broader application prospects

MONITORING DYNAMIC GLOBAL DEFLECTION OF A BRIDGE BY MONOCULAR DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

This study uses MDP (monocular digital photography) to monitor the dynamic global deflection of a bridge with the PST-TBP (Photographing scale transformation-time baseline parallax) method in which the reference system set near the camera is perpendicular to the photographing direction and does not need parallel to the bridge plane. A SONY350 camera was used to shoot the bridge every two seconds when the excavator was moving on the bridge and produced ten image sequences. Results show that the PST-TBP method is effective in solving the problem of the photographing direction being perpendicular to the bridge plane in monitoring the bridge by MDP. The PST-TBP method can achieve sub-pixel matching accuracy (0.3 pixels). The maximal deflection of the bridge is 55.34 mm which is within the bridge’s allowed value of 75mm. The MDPS (monocular digital photography system) depicts deflection trends of the bridge in real time, which can warn the possible danger of the bridge in time. It provides key information to assess the bridge health on site and to study the dynamic global deformation mechanism of a bridge caused by dynamic vehicle load. MDP is expected to be applied to monitor the dynamic global deflection of a bridge

Layered microporous polymers by solvent knitting method

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, especially 2D organic nanomaterials with unprecedentedly diverse and controlled structure, have attracted decent scientific interest. Among the preparation strategies, the top-down approach is one of the considered low-cost and scalable strategies to obtain 2D organic nanomaterials. However, some factors of their layered counterparts limited the development and potential applications of 2D organic nanomaterials, such as type, stability, and strict synthetic conditions of layered counterparts. We report a class of layered solvent knitting hyper-cross-linked microporous polymers (SHCPs) prepared by improving Friedel-Crafts reaction and using dichloroalkane as an economical solvent, stable electrophilic reagent, and external cross-linker at low temperature, which could be used as layered counterparts to obtain previously unknown 2D SHCP nanosheets by method of ultrasonic-assisted solvent exfoliation. This efficient and low-cost strategy can produce previously unreported microporous organic polymers with layered structure and high surface area and gas storage capacity. The pore structure and surface area of these polymers can be controlled by tuning the chain length of the solvent, the molar ratio of AlCl(3), and the size of monomers. Furthermore, we successfully obtain an unprecedentedly high–surface area HCP material (3002 m(2) g(−1)), which shows decent gas storage capacity (4.82 mmol g(−1) at 273 K and 1.00 bar for CO(2); 12.40 mmol g(−1) at 77.3 K and 1.13 bar for H(2)). This finding provides an opportunity for breaking the constraint of former knitting methods and opening up avenues for the design and synthesis of previously unknown layered HCP materials

Regulatory Mechanisms of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Diabetic Cutaneous Ulcers

Skin ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes. Diabetic patients suffer from vascular lesions and complications such as peripheral neuritis, peripheral vascular lesions, and collagen abnormalities, which result in skin wounds that are refractory and often develop into chronic ulcers. The healing of skin ulcers requires an inflammatory reaction, wound proliferation, remodeling regulation, and control of stem cells. Studies investigating diabetic cutaneous ulcers have focused on cellular and molecular levels. Diabetes can cause nerve and blood vessel damage, and persistent high blood sugar levels can cause systemic multisite nerve damage based on peripheral neuropathy. The long-term hyperglycemia state enables the polyol glucose metabolism pathway to be activated, increasing the accumulation of toxic substances in the vascular injured nerve tissue cells. Sustained hyperglycemia leads to dysfunction of epithelial cells, leading to a decrease in pro-angiogenic signaling and nitric oxide production. In addition, due to impaired leukocyte function in hyperglycemia, immune function is impaired and the immune response at relevant sites is insufficient, making diabetic foot more difficult to heal. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction pathway involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. It is considered an important pathway involved in the healing of skin wounds. This article summarizes the mechanism of action of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in the inflammatory responses to diabetic ulcers, wound proliferation, wound remodeling, and stem cells. The interactions between the Wnt signal pathway and other metabolic pathways are also discussed

Development of two camera filtered thermography system for hypersonic ablation experiment

This final year project aims develop a novel filtered thermography technique for hypersonic re-entry pre-heated ablation experiments in the X2 Expansion Tube located at the University of Queensland, Australia. Thermography is typically employed as in-situ thermocouples are unable to measure the extreme temperatures that the models reach and are invasive techniques. At these high temperatures, emissivity changes of the model material can no longer be assumed constant. However, ratio of spectral radiance at 2 different wavelengths can eliminate emissivity by Planck’s Law. The rotating wheel filtered camera system is modified to a dual camera with a 50-50 beam splitter system secured in a rigid cage. Each camera is equipped with a filter holder that allows for hot swapping of filters. The dual camera beam splitter system was calibrated against a blackbody furnace and integrating spheres of known temperature values up to 3300K. Only 500, 600, 700, 800nm filters are utilised. An empirical factor using least-fit method is applied to the theoretical transmission-inclusive Planck’s Law spectral ratio curve of each filter pair to better match the experimental data. A mini spectrometer is also calibrated using the same sources with a calibration function as well to provide live temperature feed during heating as the camera data must be post-processed. Testing of these equipments against the known sources show an underprediction of 302.2K ± 15.3K and of 777.6K ± 9.9K for the camera and mini spectrometer system respectively. For the camera system, this may be due to the Planck’s Law factored fit not passing though perfectly through all datapoints, especially at high temperatures, or the deviation of transmission properties of the optics provide by manufacturers. For the mini spectrometer system, the assumption that the calibration factor is constant may not hold and would require further investigation. Bench test results show that the new graphite test model of size 10mm wide and 3mm thick can only reach temperatures of up to 2900K, compared to simulations that suggest it can exceed 3300K, when around 580A is passed through the strip. This underprediction may stem from the errors present in the camera system or poor contact between the clamps and the strip. Heating profile was unable to be determined due to rectifier data acquisition system malfunction, and other strip geometries were not tested due to time limitations.Bachelor of Engineering (Aerospace Engineering

Coupling Coordination and Spatiotemporal Evolution between Carbon Emissions, Industrial Structure, and Regional Innovation of Counties in Shandong Province

Industrial structure and regional innovation have a significant impact on emissions. This study explores, from the multivariate coupling and spatial perspectives, the degree of coupling coordination between three factors: industrial structure, carbon emissions, and regional innovation of 97 counties in Shandong Province, China from 2000 to 2017. On the basis of global spatial autocorrelation and cold and hot spots, this article analyzes the spatial characteristics and aggregation effects of coupled and coordinated development within each region. The results are as follows. (1) The coupling degree between carbon emissions, industrial structure, and regional innovation in these counties fluctuated upward from 2000 to 2017. Coupling coordination progressed from low coordination to basic coordination. Regional differences in coupling coordination degree are evident, showing a stepped spatial distribution pattern with high levels in the east and low levels in the west. (2) During the study period, the coupling coordination showed a positive correlation in spatial distribution. Moran’s I varies from 0.057 to 0.305 on a global basis. Spatial clustering is characterized by agglomeration of cold spots and hot spots. (3) The coupling coordination exhibited significant spatial differentiation. The hot spots were distributed in the eastern part, while the cold spots were located in the western part. The results of this study suggest that the counties in Shandong Province should promote industrial structure upgrades and enhance regional innovation to reduce carbon emissions

Investigation of human-device interaction via predictive simulation

International audienceThe aim of this study is to investigate the interaction characteristics between human upper extremity limb and mobility assistance device, in order to test the effects of different device designs on human arm movement. In this paper, the role of mobility-aid for the human arm was depicted by an ideal generalized spring force appended onto the human elbow joint. The main contribution of this work resides in the use of musculoskeletal modelling and predictive simulation to describe the interaction by exploiting the variables of the equivalent spring force during an elbow flexion movement. Results showed that the different variables of the spring force would result in a variety of levels of human muscle activation, where we can draw a conclusion that interaction characteristics affect the human arm movement. Besides, it is also available for recommending the most suitable force variables in terms of minimization of muscle activation

Research on the Application of an Information System in Monitoring the Dynamic Deformation of a High-Rise Building

With the acceleration of urbanization, there are increasingly more high-rise buildings in cities. In turn, high-rise building collapse accidents occur frequently. The causes of the danger, in addition to the extremely severe stress, are predominantly due to the long-term role of unstable factors, resulting in an unrecoverable internal structure. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor the dynamic deformation of buildings to prevent accidents. However, there is no particularly mature application system on the market to enable this monitoring, so our research group has carried out a long-term research in this field. This paper introduces the design of a set of practical information systems by using information technology and the principle of close-range photogrammetry. The system used the photographing scale transformation-time baseline parallax (PST-TBP) method to analyse image data collected with a digital camera, implement close-range photogrammetry, and input the image data into a computer. A building deformation diagram is obtained using our own software. The associated deformation curve can clearly reproduce the building deformation trend to monitor the building health. We conducted many laboratory simulation experiments to verify the information system, and the verification results prove that this process is rigorous. To apply this information system to a real-life scenario as soon as possible, we further studied its application to high-rise buildings, improved the system by using data and experience obtained by monitoring the tallest local building, and achieved good results. Finally, combined with the development of current intelligent technology, directions for system improvement are explored

Constructing Robust Solid Electrolyte Interface via ZrO2 Coating Layer for Hard Carbon Anode in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hard carbon (HC) has attracted extensive attention due to its rich material source, environmental non-toxicity, superior sodium storage capacity, and lower sodium storage potential, and is considered most likely to be a commercial anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, the limited initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of HC is the main bottleneck hindering its practical application. To alleviate this issue, herein, a ZrO2 coating was skillfully constructed by using a facile liquid phase coating method. The ZrO2 coating can act as a physical barrier to prevent direct contact between the HC surface and the electrolyte, thus effectively reducing irreversible sodium adsorption and inhibiting the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte. Meanwhile, this fresh interface can contribute to the generation of a thinner solid electrolyte interface (SEI) with high ionic conductivity. As a result, the ICE of the ZrO2-coated HC electrode can be optimized up to 79.2% (64.4% for pristine HC). Furthermore, the ZrO2-coated HC electrode delivers outstanding cyclic stability so that the capacity retention rate can reach 82.6% after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1 (55.8% for pristine HC). This work provides a flexible and versatile surface modification method to improve the electrochemical property of HC, and hopefully accelerate the practical application of HC anodes for SIBs