Differential metabolic responses of clam Ruditapes philippinarum to Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio splendidus challenges

Clam Ruditapes philippinarum is one of the important marine aquaculture species in North China. However, pathogens can often cause diseases and lead to massive mortalities and economic losses of clam. In this work, we compared the metabolic responses induced by Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio splendidus challenges towards hepatopancreas of clam using NMR-based metabolomics. Metabolic responses suggested that both V anguillarum and V splendidus induced disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation, oxidative and immune stresses with different mechanisms, as indicated by correspondingly differential metabolic biomarkers (e.g., amino acids, ATP, glucose, glycogen, taurine, betaine, choline and hypotaurine) and altered mRNA expression levels of related genes including ATP synthase, ATPase, glutathione peroxidase, heat shock protein 90, defensin and lysozyme. However, V. anguillarum caused more severe oxidative and immune stresses in clam hepatopancreas than V splendidus. Our results indicated that metabolomics could be used to elucidate the biological effects of pathogens to the marine clam R. philippinarum. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Clam Ruditapes philippinarum is one of the important marine aquaculture species in North China. However, pathogens can often cause diseases and lead to massive mortalities and economic losses of clam. In this work, we compared the metabolic responses induced by Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio splendidus challenges towards hepatopancreas of clam using NMR-based metabolomics. Metabolic responses suggested that both V anguillarum and V splendidus induced disturbances in energy metabolism and osmotic regulation, oxidative and immune stresses with different mechanisms, as indicated by correspondingly differential metabolic biomarkers (e.g., amino acids, ATP, glucose, glycogen, taurine, betaine, choline and hypotaurine) and altered mRNA expression levels of related genes including ATP synthase, ATPase, glutathione peroxidase, heat shock protein 90, defensin and lysozyme. However, V. anguillarum caused more severe oxidative and immune stresses in clam hepatopancreas than V splendidus. Our results indicated that metabolomics could be used to elucidate the biological effects of pathogens to the marine clam R. philippinarum. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

YOLOrtho -- A Unified Framework for Teeth Enumeration and Dental Disease Detection

Detecting dental diseases through panoramic X-rays images is a standard procedure for dentists. Normally, a dentist need to identify diseases and find the infected teeth. While numerous machine learning models adopting this two-step procedure have been developed, there has not been an end-to-end model that can identify teeth and their associated diseases at the same time. To fill the gap, we develop YOLOrtho, a unified framework for teeth enumeration and dental disease detection. We develop our model on Dentex Challenge 2023 data, which consists of three distinct types of annotated data. The first part is labeled with quadrant, and the second part is labeled with quadrant and enumeration and the third part is labeled with quadrant, enumeration and disease. To further improve detection, we make use of Tufts Dental public dataset. To fully utilize the data and learn both teeth detection and disease identification simultaneously, we formulate diseases as attributes attached to their corresponding teeth. Due to the nature of position relation in teeth enumeration, We replace convolution layer with CoordConv in our model to provide more position information for the model. We also adjust the model architecture and insert one more upsampling layer in FPN in favor of large object detection. Finally, we propose a post-process strategy for teeth layout that corrects teeth enumeration based on linear sum assignment. Results from experiments show that our model exceeds large Diffusion-based model

Detailed crustal deformation in the Ailaoshan Orogenic Belt revealed by receiver functions from a dense array

The Ailaoshan Orogenic Belt (AOB), located at the southeastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, is an ideal place for investigating the mechanisms of lateral growth of Tibet. Using the data recorded by a dense seismic array across the Ailaoshan belt, we investigate the detailed lateral variations of crustal anisotropy on the basis of Pms phase of receiver functions. Remarkable crustal anisotropy is observed throughout this study region with a mean delay time of 0.33 ± 0.19 s, indicating the anisotropy primarily originates in the middle-lower crust. The fast directions beneath the AOB including the Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone (ARRSZ) and its western low-grade metamorphic unit generally align with the NW-SE strike of ARRSZ. The weak anisotropy in the South China Block (SCB) argues that the block is relatively stable, with limited internal deformation. Meanwhile, the anisotropy beneath the western boundary of the SCB is strong, and the N-S oriented fast direction is influenced by both the crustal stress and Xiaojiang Fault. Combining the high Vp/Vs and significant lateral variations of crustal anisotropy parameters, we suggest that the strike-slip motion along the ARRSZ induces the partial melting and pronounced anisotropy in the middle-lower crust of AOB, without the presence of crustal flow. The differences between crustal and mantle anisotropy indicate crust-mantle decoupling deformation of the AOB, supporting the block extrusion model occurring only in the crustal scale as the primary deformation pattern

Research and Simulation of DC Microgrid Three-Phase AC-DC Converter Control Strategy Based on Double Loop

The new voltage and current double loop control strategy is proposed to solve the DC microgrid bus voltage fluctuation caused by loads fluctuation, parameters perturbation and unbalanced three-phase power supply. Firstly, the dq axis mathematical model of three-phase AC-DC bidirectional converter in DC microgrid is analyzed and established, and then the controllers are designed according to the dq axis mathematical model. The outer loop is a voltage loop based on variable gain linear extended state observer (VGLESO) and sliding mode theory. VGLESO can not only effectively overcome the problem of peak output of traditional high-gain LESO in the initial stage of operation, and ensure that the system has good startup characteristics, but also quickly track and compensate the total disturbance of the system without additional current sensors. The inner loop is a current loop based on adaptive PI, which can eliminate the influence of system parameters perturbation on bus voltage and improve the system\u27s adaptability. Under the action of the inner and outer loops, the system has good dynamic and static characteristics. Finally, the feasibility and correctness of the control strategy are verified by Matlab/Simulink

Polariton Topological Transition Effects on Radiative Heat Transfer

Twisted two-dimensional bilayer materials exhibit many exotic physical phenomena. Manipulating the twist angle between the two layers enables fine control of the physical structure, resulting in development of many novel physics, such as the magic-angle flat-band superconductivity, the formation of moire exciton and interlayer magnetism. Here, combined with analogous principles, we study theoretically the near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between two twisted hyperbolic systems. This two twisted hyperbolic systems are mirror images of each other. Each twisted hyperbolic system is composed of two graphene gratings, where there is an angle {\phi} between this two graphene gratings. By analyzing the photonic transmission coefficient as well as the plasmon dispersion relation of twisted hyperbolic system, we prove that the topological transitions of the surface state at a special angle (from open (hyperbolic) to closed (elliptical) contours) can modulate efficiently the radiative heat transfer. Meanwhile the role of the thickness of dielectric spacer and vacuum gap on the manipulating the topological transitions of the surface state and the NFRHT are also discussed. We predict the hysteresis effect of topological transitions at a larger vacuum gap, and demonstrate that as thickness of dielectric spacer increase, the transition from the enhancement effect of heat transfer caused by the twisted hyperbolic system to a suppression. This technology could novel mechanism and control method for NFRHT, and may open a promising pathway for highly efficient thermal management, energy harvesting, and subwavelength thermal imaging