The Theory and Practice of the Chinese Communist Party Two-line struggle : The Course of Conflict in the Leadership

The purpose of this thesis is to explain and predict Chinese Communist leadership conflicts through examining the theory and practice of two-line struggle. Chapter one aims to embody the concept of two-line struggle : it defines and illuminates the political significance of the term and pins down the CCP\u27s professed rules of struggle. The chapter concludes (1) that a two-line struggle is an irreconcilable (and often protracted) conflict in the leadership involving disputes over the estimation of the revolutionary setting and the formulation a strategic policy guideline for a particular period of the revolution; (2) that such a conflict, though basically of a non-antagonistic contradiction, falls on the borderline between non-antagonism and antagonism ; (3) that the parties concerned shall not transgress the limits of democratic centralism

Operative strategy for large brain abscess resulting from immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an AIDS patient in Swaziland

SummaryThe objective of our study was to report a rare case with a large brain abscess related to central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and to discuss the operative strategy for it. Brain abscess with HIV co-infection is considered to be a critical infectious condition that requires neurosurgical intervention. The presentation of IRIS may worsen the patient’s condition after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, especially in IRIS of the central nervous system. Only a few cases of IRIS-related brain abscess have been reported in the current literature, with discussion of the operative strategy. A 30-year-old man was diagnosed with HIV infection in 2007 and he developed right-sided convulsion episodes in 2008. His first brain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed two intracranial cysts, and his symptoms were well controlled by anticonvulsant treatment. He also initiated antiretroviral therapy in the same year. However, his neurological conditions gradually worsened with sensory loss, weakness, visual impairment on the right side, as well as motor aphasia. A CT scan in 2011 revealed a well-encapsulated, hypodense 8 cm × 9 cm intracranial lesion in the left frontal parietal lobe with a 3-cm midline shift. Surgery was performed with a combination of direct suction and quick-suturing of the incision. The abscess capsule was enucleated completely. After surgical removal, he recovered well and remains functional at work in the following year with only minor neurological sequelae. In conclusion, this case illustrates well the clinical course of brain abscess resulting from IRIS in Swaziland, where the prevalence rate of HIV infection is relatively high and delay in diagnosis and treatment is common. The use of a modified excision method for HIV co-infection brain abscess may be considered the operative strategy, with a probable good outcome in such a resource-limited area as Swaziland

Phase Matching for Surface Plasmon Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation in a Gold Grating Slab

Surface plasmon enhanced second harmonic generation in gold grating slabs was investigated. The efficiency is analyzed with respect to the phase matching at the fundamental and the second harmonic frequencies. A classical electromagnetic model was developed under the weak nonlinearity approximation and solved by the finite element method. The measured zeroth order transmitted second harmonic intensity was found to be in quantitative agreement with numerical results. It is shown experimentally and numerically that proper phase matching at both frequencies improves the second harmonic efficiency

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Surface Plasmon Enhanced Photon Induced Current in a Gold Grating

The current induced by incident photons on an gold grating slab is investigated numerically and experimentally. A semi-classical electrodynamic model is developed under the weak nonlinearity approximation. Electrons in the conduction band are treated as an electron gas in the presence of a self-consistent electromagnetic field. The model is solved by the finite element method and compared with measurements. The calculated current density as a function of incident angle and wavelength is found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. The results show that increasing surface plasmon spatial variation enhances photon induced current

Fixed-point theorems in fuzzy real line

AbstractSome sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed points of increasing operators in fuzzy real line RL are given. We also establish some coupled quasi-fixed-point theorems of mixed monotone operators in fuzzy real line RL

Earthquake-Resistant Squat Walls Reinforced with High- Strength Steel

Results are reported from reversed cyclic tests of five large-scale squat wall specimens reinforced with steel bars having a specified yield strength of either 60 or 115 ksi (413 or 792 MPa). Two specimens were designed for a shear stress of 5√fc′ psi (0.42√fc′ MPa) and the other three 9√fc′ psi (0.75√fc′ MPa). Boundary element confining reinforcement complied with the requirements of Chapter 18 of ACI 318-14 in all but one specimen, which had 50% of the required transverse boundary element reinforcement. Specimens constructed with Grade 115 steel had similar strength and exhibited 20% greater drift capacity than those with Grade 60 steel. Use of Grade 115 steel tended to control the softening effect of sliding at the base of the wall and to increase the component of drift due to reinforcement strain penetration into the foundation

General Versus Spinal Anesthesia: Which is a Risk Factor for Octogenarian Hip Fracture Repair Patients?

SummaryBackgroundMost studies have shown no difference between the two types of anesthesia administered to hip fracture patients. This study compared postoperative morbidity and mortality in octogenarian patients who received either general or spinal anesthesia for hip fracture repair.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the hospital records of 335 octogenarian patients who received hip fracture repair in our teaching hospital between 2002 and 2006. A total of 167 and 168 patients received general and spinal anesthesia, respectively. Morbidity, mortality, and intraoperative and preoperative variables were compared between groups.ResultsThere were no mortality differences between spinal and general anesthesia groups. However, the overall morbidity was greater in the general anesthesia group than in the spinal anesthesia group (21/167 [12.6%] vs. 9/168 [5.4%]; p = 0.02). Respiratory system-related morbidity was also higher in the general anesthesia group than in the spinal anesthesia group (11/167 [6.6%] vs. 3/168 [1.8%]; p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed two significant predictors of postoperative morbidity: anesthesia type (general; odds ratio, 2.39) and preexisting respiratory diseases (odds ratio, 3.38).ConclusionGeneral anesthesia increased the risk of postoperative morbidity in octogenarian patients after hip fracture repair, and patients with preexisting respiratory diseases were especially vulnerable. Spinal anesthesia is strongly recommended in such individuals

Charge-Trapping Devices Using Multilayered Dielectrics for Nonvolatile Memory Applications

Charge-trapping devices using multilayered dielectrics were studied for nonvolatile memory applications. The device structure is Al/Y2O3/Ta2O5/SiO2/Si (MYTOS). The MYTOS field effect transistors were fabricated using Ta2O5 as the charge storage layer and Y2O3 as the blocking layer. The electrical characteristics of memory window, program/erase characteristics, and data retention were examined. The memory window is about 1.6 V. Using a pulse voltage of 6 V, a threshold voltage shift of ~1 V can be achieved within 10 ns. The MYTOS transistors can retain a memory window of 0.81 V for 10 years

Exploring Individuals’ Loyalty To Online Support Groups From the Perspective Of Social Support

Prior research indicates that social support allows individuals to have additional skills to handle stresses, enhance self-esteem, and increase psychological well-being. Online social networks have become an emerging and important source of social support. However, little research has been done to explore how IT usage may improve the well-being and life quality of individuals, especially patients. Little research has been done to empirically examine individuals’ loyalty toward online social groups from the perspective of social support. This study aims to develop an integrated research model to the impact of online social support on psychological well-being and group identification, and individuals’ subsequent loyalty toward online social groups. Online social support group was operationalized as a second-order construct with four components: informational, emotional, esteem, and network supports. Data collected from 537 users of online support groups for mothers in Taiwan provide strong support for the research model. The results indicate that online social support is positively associated with psychological well-being and group identification, which in turn have a positive effect on moms’ loyalty toward online social groups. Implications for theory and practice and suggestions for future research are provided