Survey data of 13880 participants in Xiamen, China

Survey data of 13880 participants in Xiamen, Chin

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained from multivariable adjusted multilevel logistic models regressing health status on age and education (model 7), and age and MLO (model 8) accounting for their interactions.

<p>^aMLO: main lifetime occupation</p><p>Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained from multivariable adjusted multilevel logistic models regressing health status on age and education (model 7), and age and MLO (model 8) accounting for their interactions.</p

Basic characteristic of 13,880 participants according to the health status.

<p>^a confidence interval.</p><p>^b salt-light: salt intake<6g/day, salt-medium: salt intake 6-18g/day, salt heavy: salt intake >18g/day.</p><p>^c Sleep quality was self-rated.</p><p>Basic characteristic of 13,880 participants according to the health status.</p

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained from multivariable adjusted^a multilevel logistic models (model 1–6).

<p>^a All the six models used the same set of covariates: sex, residence, smoking history, dietary habit, alcohol drinking history, exercise practicing, sleep quality and number of chronic disease.</p><p>^bMLO: main lifetime occupation</p><p>Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained from multivariable adjusted<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131331#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> multilevel logistic models (model 1–6).</p

Controlling The Activator Site To Tune Europium Valence in Oxyfluoride Phosphors

A new Eu³⁺-activated oxyfluoride phosphor Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂F₂:Eu³⁺ (CAOF:Eu³⁺) was synthesized by a solid state reaction. Commonly red line emission was detected in the range of 570–700 nm. To achieve the requirement of illumination, this study revealed a crystal chemistry approach to reduce Eu ions from 3+ to 2+ in the lattice. Replacing Al³⁺–F^– by the appreciate dopant Si⁴⁺–O^2– is adopted to enlarge the activator site that enables Eu³⁺ to be reduced. The crystallization of samples was examined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Photoluminescence results indicated that as-synthesized phosphors Ca₁₂Al_{14‑<i>z</i>}Si_<i>z</i>O_32+<i>z</i>F_2–<i>z</i>:Eu (<i>z</i> = 0–0.5, CASOF:Eu) display an intense blue emission peaking at 440 nm that was produced by 4f–5d transition of Eu²⁺, along with the intrinsic emission of Eu³⁺ under UV excitation. Moreover, the effect of Si⁴⁺–O^2– substitution involved in the coordination environment of the activator site was investigated by further crystallographic data from Rietveld refinements. The ¹⁹F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were in agreement with refinement and photoluminescence results. Furthermore, the valence states of Eu in the samples were analyzed with the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The quantity of substituted Si⁴⁺–O^2– tunes chromaticity coordinates of Ca₁₂Al_{14–<i>z</i>}Si_<i>z</i>O_32+<i>z</i>F_2–<i>z</i>:Eu phosphors from (0.6101, 0.3513) for <i>z</i> = 0 to (0.1629, 0.0649) for <i>z</i> = 0.5, suggesting the potential for developing phosphors for white light emitting diodes (WLEDs). Using an activator that is valence tunable by controlling the size of the activator site represents a hitherto unreported structural motif for designing phosphors in phosphor converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs)