11,187 research outputs found
An Application of Nash-Moser Theorem to Smooth Solutions of One-Dimensional Compressible Euler Equation with Gravity
We study one-dimensional motions of polytropic gas governed by the
compressible Euler equations. The problem on the half space under a constant
gravity gives an equilibrium which has free boundary touching the vacuum and
the linearized approximation at this equilibrium gives time periodic solutions.
But it is not easy to justify the existence of long-time true solutions for
which this time periodic solution is the first approximation. The situation is
in contrast to the problem of free motions without gravity. The reason is that
the usual iteration method for quasilinear hyperbolic problem cannot be used
because of the loss of regularities which causes from the touch with the
vacuum. Interestingly, the equation can be transformed to a nonlinear wave
equation on a higher dimensional space, for which the space dimension, being
larger than 4, is related to the adiabatic exponent of the original
one-dimensional problem. We try to find a family of solutions expanded by a
small parameter. Applying the Nash-Moser theory, we justify this expansion.The
application of the Nash-Moser theory is necessary for the sake of conquest of
the trouble with loss of regularities, and the justification of the
applicability requires a very delicate analysis of the problem
DARTS-ASR: Differentiable Architecture Search for Multilingual Speech Recognition and Adaptation
In previous works, only parameter weights of ASR models are optimized under
fixed-topology architecture. However, the design of successful model
architecture has always relied on human experience and intuition. Besides, many
hyperparameters related to model architecture need to be manually tuned.
Therefore in this paper, we propose an ASR approach with efficient
gradient-based architecture search, DARTS-ASR. In order to examine the
generalizability of DARTS-ASR, we apply our approach not only on many languages
to perform monolingual ASR, but also on a multilingual ASR setting. Following
previous works, we conducted experiments on a multilingual dataset, IARPA
BABEL. The experiment results show that our approach outperformed the baseline
fixed-topology architecture by 10.2% and 10.0% relative reduction on character
error rates under monolingual and multilingual ASR settings respectively.
Furthermore, we perform some analysis on the searched architectures by
DARTS-ASR.Comment: Accepted at INTERSPEECH 202
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The Association between Virus Prevalence and Intercolonial Aggression Levels in the Yellow Crazy Ant, Anoplolepis Gracilipes (Jerdon).
The recent discovery of multiple viruses in ants, along with the widespread infection of their hosts across geographic ranges, provides an excellent opportunity to test whether viral prevalence in the field is associated with the complexity of social interactions in the ant population. In this study, we examined whether the association exists between the field prevalence of a virus and the intercolonial aggression of its ant host, using the yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) and its natural viral pathogen (TR44839 virus) as a model system. We delimitated the colony boundary and composition of A. gracilipes in a total of 12 study sites in Japan (Okinawa), Taiwan, and Malaysia (Penang), through intercolonial aggression assay. The spatial distribution and prevalence level of the virus was then mapped for each site. The virus occurred at a high prevalence in the surveyed colonies of Okinawa and Taiwan (100% infection rate across all sites), whereas virus prevalence was variable (30%-100%) or none (0%) at the sites in Penang. Coincidentally, colonies in Okinawa and Taiwan displayed a weak intercolonial boundary, as aggression between colonies is generally low or moderate. Contrastingly, sites in Penang were found to harbor a high proportion of mutually aggressive colonies, a pattern potentially indicative of complex colony composition. Our statistical analyses further confirmed the observed correlation, implying that intercolonial interactions likely contribute as one of the effective facilitators of/barriers to virus prevalence in the field population of this ant species
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Cucurbitacin E inhibits the Yesāassociated protein signaling pathway and suppresses brain metastasis of human nonāsmall cell lung cancer in a murine model.
Human nonāsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with an extremely poor prognosis especially for the 40% of patients who develop brain metastasis, and few treatment strategies exist. Cucurbitacin E (CuE), an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from plants particularly of the family Cucurbitaceae, has shown antiātumorigenic properties in several types of cancer, yet the mechanism remains unclear. Yesāassociated protein (YAP), a main mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway, promotes tumorigenesis, drug resistance and metastasis in human NSCLC. The present study was designed to ascertain whether CuE inhibits YAP and its downstream gene expression in the human NSCLC cell lines H2030āBrM3 (KārasG12C mutation) and PC9āBrM3 (EGFRĪexon19 mutation), which have high potential for brain metastasis. The efficacy of CuE in suppressing brain metastasis of H2030āBrM3 cells in a murine model was also investigated. It was found that after CuE treatment in H2030āBrM3 and PC9āBrM3 cells, YAP protein expression was decreased, and YAP signaling GTIIC reporter activity and expression of the downstream genes CTGF and CYR61 were significantly (P<0.01) decreased. CuE treatment also reduced the migration and invasion abilities of the H2030āBrM3 and PC9āBrM3 cells. Finally, our in vivo study showed that CuE treatment (0.2 mg/kg) suppressed H2030āBrM3 cell brain metastasis and that mice treated with CuE survived longer than the control mice treated with 10% DMSO (P=0.02). The present study is the first to demonstrate that CuE treatment inhibits YAP and the signaling downstream gene expression in human NSCLC in vitro, and suppresses brain metastasis of NSCLC in a murine model. More studies to verify the promising efficacy of CuE in inhibiting brain metastasis of NSCLC and various other cancers may be warranted
Prioritizing disease candidate genes by a gene interconnectedness-based approach
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genome-wide disease-gene finding approaches may sometimes provide us with a long list of candidate genes. Since using pure experimental approaches to verify all candidates could be expensive, a number of network-based methods have been developed to prioritize candidates. Such tools usually have a set of parameters pre-trained using available network data. This means that re-training network-based tools may be required when existing biological networks are updated or when networks from different sources are to be tried.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed a parameter-free method, interconnectedness (ICN), to rank candidate genes by assessing the closeness of them to known disease genes in a network. ICN was tested using 1,993 known disease-gene associations and achieved a success rate of ~44% using a protein-protein interaction network under a test scenario of simulated linkage analysis. This performance is comparable with those of other well-known methods and ICN outperforms other methods when a candidate disease gene is not directly linked to known disease genes in a network. Interestingly, we show that a combined scoring strategy could enable ICN to achieve an even better performance (~50%) than other methods used alone.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>ICN, a user-friendly method, can well complement other network-based methods in the context of prioritizing candidate disease genes.</p
On the extremal number of edges in hamiltonian connected graphs
AbstractAssume that n and Ī“ are positive integers with 3ā¤Ī“<n. Let hc(n,Ī“) be the minimum number of edges required to guarantee an n-vertex graph G with minimum degree Ī“(G)ā„Ī“ to be hamiltonian connected. Any n-vertex graph G with Ī“(G)ā„Ī“ is hamiltonian connected if |E(G)|ā„hc(n,Ī“). We prove that hc(n,Ī“)=C(nāĪ“+1,2)+Ī“2āĪ“+1 if Ī“ā¤ān+3Ć(nmod2)6ā+1, hc(n,Ī“)=C(nāān2ā+1,2)+ān2ā2āān2ā+1 if ān+3Ć(nmod2)6ā+1<Ī“ā¤ān2ā, and hc(n,Ī“)=ānĪ“2ā if Ī“>ān2ā
Angelica Sinensis promotes myotube hypertrophy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
BACKGROUND: Angelica Sinensis (AS), a folk medicine, has long been used in ergogenic aids for athletes, but there is little scientific evidence supporting its effects. We investigated whether AS induces hypertrophy in myotubes through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt (also termed PKB)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. METHODS: An in vitro experiment investigating the induction of hypertrophy in myotubes was conducted. To investigate whether AS promoted the hypertrophy of myotubes, an established in vitro model of myotube hypertrophy with and without AS was used and examined using microscopic images. The role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in AS-induced myotube hypertrophy was evaluated. Two inhibitors, wortmannin (an inhibitor of PI3K) and rapamycin (an inhibitor of mTOR), were used. RESULT: The results revealed that the myotube diameters in the AS-treated group were significantly larger than those in the untreated control group (Pā<ā0.05). Wortmannin and rapamycin inhibited AS-induced hypertrophy. Furthermore, AS increased Akt and mTOR phosphorylation through the PI3K pathway and induced myotube hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that AS induces hypertrophy in myotubes through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Travelling wave solutions for Kolmogorov-type delayed lattice reactionādiffusion systems
[[abstract]]This work investigates the existence and non-existence of travelling wave solutions for Kolmogorov-type delayed lattice reactionādiffusion systems. Employing the cross iterative technique coupled with the explicit construction of upper and lower solutions in the theory of quasimonotone dynamical systems, we can find two threshold speeds cā and cā with cāā„cā>0. If the wave speed is greater than cā, then we establish the existence of travelling wave solutions connecting two different equilibria. On the other hand, if the wave speed is smaller than cā, we further prove the non-existence result of travelling wave solutions. Finally, several ecological examples including one-species, two-species and three-species models with various functional responses and time delays are presented to illustrate the analytical results.[[notice]]č£ę£å®ē¢[[journaltype]]åå¤[[incitationindex]]SCI[[ispeerreviewed]]Y[[booktype]]ē“ę¬[[countrycodes]]GB
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