A class of additive multiplicative graph functions

AbstractFor a fixed graph G, the capacity function for G, PG, is defined by PG(H) = limn→∞[γG(Hn)]1/n, where γG(H) is the maximum number of disjoint G's in H. In [2], Hsu proved that PK2 is multiplicative or not. In this paper, we prove that PG is multiplicative and additive for some graphs G which include K2. Some properties of PG are also discussed in this paper

Thermal Effect on Structure of Silver in Ion-Exchanged Soda-Lime Glasses and Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films

Heat treatment is commonly used during device processing in order to achieve specific functionalities of the devices. How a series of heat treatment applies to accomplish this goal can be found in the literature. However, specific properties of the devices after the treatment are more emphasized than the details of the structural modifications in the industrial applications. In this paper, it is intended to illustrate the fundamental changes in the structure due to heat treatment which result in the desired physical properties of the devices. Two study cases, Ag ion-exchanged soda-lime glasses and aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) films, were illustrated. The changes in chemical states, the structural modification during and after heat treatment are explored. By understanding how the metallic Ag formed and accumulated during annealing, an optimum heat treatment to grow the proper size and density of silver quantum dots in the films are possible. Post annealing effect on the AZO films shows that the crystallinity, the peak positions shifts, and grain sizes were changed after annealing. Both illustrated cases indicate thermally induced changes in chemical state, the stress release, and rearrangement of atoms in materials during and after annealing

Mutations in the PKM2 exon-10 region are associated with reduced allostery and increased nuclear translocation.

PKM2 is a key metabolic enzyme central to glucose metabolism and energy expenditure. Multiple stimuli regulate PKM2's activity through allosteric modulation and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, PKM2 can partner with KDM8, an oncogenic demethylase and enter the nucleus to serve as a HIF1α co-activator. Yet, the mechanistic basis of the exon-10 region in allosteric regulation and nuclear translocation remains unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structures and kinetic coupling constants of exon-10 tumor-related mutants (H391Y and R399E), showing altered structural plasticity and reduced allostery. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed increased interaction with KDM8 for H391Y, R399E, and G415R. We also found a higher degree of HIF1α-mediated transactivation activity, particularly in the presence of KDM8. Furthermore, overexpression of PKM2 mutants significantly elevated cell growth and migration. Together, PKM2 exon-10 mutations lead to structure-allostery alterations and increased nuclear functions mediated by KDM8 in breast cancer cells. Targeting the PKM2-KDM8 complex may provide a potential therapeutic intervention

Impact of flood disasters on Taiwan in the last quarter century

Copyright © Springer 2006. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4667-7The increasing natural disasters, especially floods during the last quarter century, are raising the economic losses in Taiwan. The most severe hazard in Taiwan is flooding induced by typhoons and storms in summer and autumn. By comparing the rivers around the world, the ones in Taiwan have the steepest slopes, the largest discharge per unit drainage area, and the shortest time of concentrations. Rapid urbanization without proper land uses managements usually worsen the flood problems. Consequently, flood hazards mitigation has become the most essential task for Taiwan to deal with. Although the government keeps improving flood defense structures, the flood damage grows continuously. In this article, possible flood mitigation strategies are identified for coping with complex environmental and social decisions with flood risk involved.National Science and Technology Center for Disaster ReductionNational Science Council, RO

Alterations in Renal Structure and Function in a Rat Model of Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity1

ABSTRACT ABBREVIATiONS: GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RBF, renal blood flow: MAP, mean arterial pressure. 74

(Benzophenone imine-κN)­chlorido(hydrido­tripyrazolyl­borato)­(triphenyl­phosphine)ruthenium(II) diethyl ether solvate

The reaction of RuCl(Tp)(Ph3P)2, where Tp is [(CH)3N2]3BH, with benzophenone imine leads to the formation of the title compound, [Ru(C9H10BN6)Cl(C13H11N)(C18H15P)]·C4H10O. The environment about the Ru atom corresponds to a slightly distorted octa­hedron and the bite angle of the Tp ligand produces an average N—Ru—N angle of 86.3 (9)°. The three Ru—N(Tp) bond lengths [2.117 (2), 2.079 (2) and 2.084 (2) Å] are slightly longer than the average distance (2.038 Å) in other ruthenium–Tp complexes