An Improved NSGA-II and its Application for Reconfigurable Pixel Antenna Design

Based on the elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for multi-objective optimization problems, an improved scheme with self-adaptive crossover and mutation operators is proposed to obtain good optimization performance in this paper. The performance of the improved NSGA-II is demonstrated with a set of test functions and metrics taken from the standard literature on multi-objective optimization. Combined with the HFSS solver, one pixel antenna with reconfigurable radiation patterns, which can steer its beam into six different directions (θDOA = ± 15°, ± 30°, ± 50°) with a 5 % overlapping impedance bandwidth (S11 < − 10 dB) and a realized gain over 6 dB, is designed by the proposed self-adaptive NSGA-II

Derivation of the cubic NLS and Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy from manybody dynamics in d=3d=3 based on spacetime norms

We derive the defocusing cubic Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) hierarchy in dimension $d=3$, from an $N$-body Schr\"{o}dinger equation describing a gas of interacting bosons in the GP scaling, in the limit $N\rightarrow\infty$. The main result of this paper is the proof of convergence of the corresponding BBGKY hierarchy to a GP hierarchy in the spaces introduced in our previous work on the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for GP hierarchies, \cite{chpa2,chpa3,chpa4}, which are inspired by the solutions spaces based on space-time norms introduced by Klainerman and Machedon in \cite{klma}. We note that in $d=3$, this has been a well-known open problem in the field. While our results do not assume factorization of the solutions, consideration of factorized solutions yields a new derivation of the cubic, defocusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) in $d=3$.Comment: 44 pages, AMS Late

On a class of reductions of Manakov-Santini hierarchy connected with the interpolating system

Using Lax-Sato formulation of Manakov-Santini hierarchy, we introduce a class of reductions, such that zero order reduction of this class corresponds to dKP hierarchy, and the first order reduction gives the hierarchy associated with the interpolating system introduced by Dunajski. We present Lax-Sato form of reduced hierarchy for the interpolating system and also for the reduction of arbitrary order. Similar to dKP hierarchy, Lax-Sato equations for $L$ (Lax fuction) due to the reduction split from Lax-Sato equations for $M$ (Orlov function), and the reduced hierarchy for arbitrary order of reduction is defined by Lax-Sato equations for $L$ only. Characterization of the class of reductions in terms of the dressing data is given. We also consider a waterbag reduction of the interpolating system hierarchy, which defines (1+1)-dimensional systems of hydrodynamic type.Comment: 15 pages, revised and extended, characterization of the class of reductions in terms of the dressing data is give

Inducing ferromagnetism and Kondo effect in platinum by paramagnetic ionic gating

Electrically controllable magnetism, which requires the field-effect manipulation of both charge and spin degrees of freedom, has attracted growing interests since the emergence of spintronics. In this work, we report the reversible electrical switching of ferromagnetic (FM) states in platinum (Pt) thin films by introducing paramagnetic ionic liquid (PIL) as the gating media. The paramagnetic ionic gating controls the movement of ions with magnetic moments, which induces itinerant ferromagnetism on the surface of Pt films with large coercivity and perpendicular anisotropy mimicking the ideal two-dimensional Ising-type FM state. The electrical transport of the induced FM state shows Kondo effect at low temperature suggesting spatially separated coexistence of Kondo scattering beneath the FM interface. The tunable FM state indicates that paramagnetic ionic gating could serve as a versatile method to induce rich transport phenomena combining field effect and magnetism at PIL-gated interfaces.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Bounds of Efficiency at Maximum Power for Normal-, Sub- and Super-Dissipative Carnot-Like Heat Engines

The Carnot-like heat engines are classified into three types (normal-, sub- and super-dissipative) according to relations between the minimum irreversible entropy production in the "isothermal" processes and the time for completing those processes. The efficiencies at maximum power of normal-, sub- and super-dissipative Carnot-like heat engines are proved to be bounded between $\eta_C/2$ and $\eta_C/(2-\eta_C)$, $\eta_C /2$ and $\eta_C$, 0 and $\eta_C/(2-\eta_C)$, respectively. These bounds are also shared by linear, sub- and super-linear irreversible Carnot-like engines [Tu and Wang, Europhys. Lett. 98, 40001 (2012)] although the dissipative engines and the irreversible ones are inequivalent to each other.Comment: 1 figur