316 research outputs found
The sensitivity analysis of views related parameters in the black-litterman model
This dissertation attempts to carry out the sensitivity analysis in the Black-Litterman model
which is a model trying to compensate for the lack of practical use of Modern Portfolio
Theory.
We analyse whether the change in the views related parameters has an effect on the final
portfolio weights by using samples of eight stocks. In particular, we focus on the view vector
and the confidence level of the views and treat them as independent variables. In addition, we
generate the results of tests showing that both of the variables will influence the portfolio
weights reasonably. Moreover, we also adopt the indicator called Tracking Error Volatility to
illustrate the change in the portfolio weights.
Besides, our findings reflect that the variation of the portfolio weights also depends on the
small components contained by the two variables. According to our conclusions, the weights
are especially sensitive to the change in the absolute view and the confidence level of the
relative views. And the weight of the stock with a large market capitalization tends to differ a
lot when the stock is mentioned in the view.Esta dissertação baseia-se na análise de sensibilidade no modelo Black-Litterman, que é um
modelo que tenta compensar a falta de uso prático da "Modern Portfolio Theory".
Por um lado, analisamos se a alteração nos parâmetros relacionados aos pontos de vista tem
um efeito nos pesos finais do portfólio usando amostras de oito ações e em particular,
concentramo-nos no vetor de visão e no nível de confiança das visualizações tratando-as
como variáveis independentes.
Por outro lado, geramos os resultados de testes que mostram que ambas as variáveis irão
influenciar os pesos do portfólio razoavelmente e a adotamos o indicador chamado Tracking
Error Volatility para ilustrar a mudança nos pesos do portfólio. O estudo efetuado reflete
assim que a variação dos pesos do portfólio também depende dos peguenos componentes
contidos pelas duas variáveis.
Em suma, chegamos à conclusão que os pesos são especialmente sensíveis à mudança na
visão absoluta e ao nível de confiança das visualizações relativas. E o peso da ação com uma
grande capitalização de mercado tende a diferir muito quanto o stock é mencionado na visão
MICROSCOPIC ORIGINS OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND GELATION OF SOFT DISORDERED MATERIALS REVEALED BY RHEO-XPCS
This thesis characterizes the microscopic dynamics underlying the nonlinear mechanical behavior and liquid-to-gel transitions of soft disordered materials through combined x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and \textit{in situ} rheology (Rheo-XPCS). The first part of this thesis reports studies addressing three aspects of the mechanical response of nanocolloidal systems. The first study of the prolonged stress relaxation after cessation of shear in nanocolloidal glass reveals that the process is driven by a slow, convective flow parallel to the initial shear and is accompanied by intermittent, avalanche-like events in the perpendicular direction. The second study shows the irreversible particle displacements in microstructure of soft glasses during the start-up of cyclic shear consist of a combination of shear-induced diffusion and strain, both of which decrease in amplitude with the number of cycles before eventually becoming steady. Both the microstructure and elasticity of the glass show memory of this shear history in the non-monotonic response to the change in shear strain amplitude. In the third study, novel measurement strategies employing Rheo-XPCS to determine velocity profiles of complex fluids under flow in Couette geometry are developed. These methods are employed to characterize the shear-rate dependent non-affine velocity profile of a shear-thinning dispersion of nematically ordered platelets and to correlate the flow behavior with the nematic order. The second part of this thesis focuses on gelation of nanocolloidal suspensions and subsequent aging of the gels in two experiments. The first shows that the emergence of elasticity during gelation of suspensions of charged, disk-shaped particles can be quantitatively related to the localization of the particles through a scaling between the storage modulus and localization length obtained from naive mode coupling theory. In the second, the response of an aging nanocolloidal gel to a sudden change in the strength of the interparticle attraction is investigated. Upon lowering the attraction, the storage modulus, microstructure, and microscopic dynamics of the gel experience a non-monotonic time dependence that is similar to the Kovacs memory effect observed in glass, and then a converge to those of a gel kept at the lower attraction. The convergence rate depends on the magnitude of the change in attraction and the age of the gel. The non-monotonic evolution and convergence are recovered qualitatively by a model of gel aging that describes particle assembly into a system spanning cluster with contact-number-dependent attachment and detachment rates
Valley-Hall photonic topological insulators with dual-band kink states
Extensive researches have revealed that valley, a binary degree of freedom
(DOF), can be an excellent candidate of information carrier. Recently, valley
DOF has been introduced into photonic systems, and several valley-Hall photonic
topological insulators (PTIs) have been experimentally demonstrated. However,
in the previous valley-Hall PTIs, topological kink states only work at a single
frequency band, which limits potential applications in multiband waveguides,
filters, communications, and so on. To overcome this challenge, here we
experimentally demonstrate a valley-Hall PTI, where the topological kink states
exist at two separated frequency bands, in a microwave substrate-integrated
circuitry. Both the simulated and experimental results demonstrate the
dual-band valley-Hall topological kink states are robust against the sharp
bends of the internal domain wall with negligible inter-valley scattering. Our
work may pave the way for multi-channel substrate-integrated photonic devices
with high efficiency and high capacity for information communications and
processing
VeryFL: A Verify Federated Learning Framework Embedded with Blockchain
Blockchain-empowered federated learning (FL) has provoked extensive research
recently. Various blockchain-based federated learning algorithm, architecture
and mechanism have been designed to solve issues like single point failure and
data falsification brought by centralized FL paradigm. Moreover, it is easier
to allocate incentives to nodes with the help of the blockchain. Various
centralized federated learning frameworks like FedML, have emerged in the
community to help boost the research on FL. However, decentralized
blockchain-based federated learning framework is still missing, which cause
inconvenience for researcher to reproduce or verify the algorithm performance
based on blockchain. Inspired by the above issues, we have designed and
developed a blockchain-based federated learning framework by embedding Ethereum
network. This report will present the overall structure of this framework,
which proposes a code practice paradigm for the combination of FL with
blockchain and, at the same time, compatible with normal FL training task. In
addition to implement some blockchain federated learning algorithms on smart
contract to help execute a FL training, we also propose a model ownership
authentication architecture based on blockchain and model watermarking to
protect the intellectual property rights of models. These mechanism on
blockchain shows an underlying support of blockchain for federated learning to
provide a verifiable training, aggregation and incentive distribution procedure
and thus we named this framework VeryFL (A Verify Federated Learninig Framework
Embedded with Blockchain). The source code is avaliable on
https://github.com/GTMLLab/VeryFL
Urban-rural disparity in mortality patterns of respiratory diseases among older adults - China, 1987-2021.
What is already known about this topic?
Respiratory diseases (RDs) are the primary cause of death in older adults in China. However, there is limited evidence regarding the disparity in mortality rates of RDs between urban and rural areas among the elderly population.
What is added by this report?
The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) due to RDs in the elderly population in both urban and rural areas of China has shown a consistent decrease. This trend is observed in both males and females. However, there was no significant change in the average annual percentage of ASMR for pneumonia among the urban elderly population and rural elderly men throughout the study period.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Efforts should be made in China to reduce mortality from chronic lower respiratory disease and pneumonia among the elderly, particularly in urban populations
LipsFormer: Introducing Lipschitz Continuity to Vision Transformers
We present a Lipschitz continuous Transformer, called LipsFormer, to pursue
training stability both theoretically and empirically for Transformer-based
models. In contrast to previous practical tricks that address training
instability by learning rate warmup, layer normalization, attention
formulation, and weight initialization, we show that Lipschitz continuity is a
more essential property to ensure training stability. In LipsFormer, we replace
unstable Transformer component modules with Lipschitz continuous counterparts:
CenterNorm instead of LayerNorm, spectral initialization instead of Xavier
initialization, scaled cosine similarity attention instead of dot-product
attention, and weighted residual shortcut. We prove that these introduced
modules are Lipschitz continuous and derive an upper bound on the Lipschitz
constant of LipsFormer. Our experiments show that LipsFormer allows stable
training of deep Transformer architectures without the need of careful learning
rate tuning such as warmup, yielding a faster convergence and better
generalization. As a result, on the ImageNet 1K dataset, LipsFormer-Swin-Tiny
based on Swin Transformer training for 300 epochs can obtain 82.7\% without any
learning rate warmup. Moreover, LipsFormer-CSwin-Tiny, based on CSwin, training
for 300 epochs achieves a top-1 accuracy of 83.5\% with 4.7G FLOPs and 24M
parameters. The code will be released at
\url{https://github.com/IDEA-Research/LipsFormer}.Comment: To appear in ICLR 2023, our code will be public at
https://github.com/IDEA-Research/LipsForme
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