Method and application of carbon emission calculation for ultra-high voltage (UHV) project construction

[Objective] As one of the seven key areas of “new infrastructure” development during China’s 14th Five-Year Plan period, the ultra-high voltage (UHV) projects are the backbone of China’s new power system and is of great significance to the transmission of clean energy. This study constructed a theoretical and methodological system suitable for the carbon emission measurement of UHV project construction in China, in order to clarify the carbon cost of project construction and assist project carbon management and the construction of new power systems under China’s “dual carbon” goals. [Methods] Based on the life cycle assessment method, this study broke through the cost list-based measurement system and for the first time constructed the carbon source emission inventory system for UHV project construction from the perspective of carbon footprint. On this basis, a grouping calculation method for project construction carbon emissions was proposed, which enhances the applicability and accuracy of the method. The calculation and carbon emission reduction potential evaluation of the ±800 kV UHVDC transmission project from Longdong to Shandong were conducted as an example. [Results] The results show that: (1) The method constructed in this article simplifies the calculation work to a certain extent, ensuring a relatively scientific and effective calculation of carbon emissions in the construction of ultra large transmission projects; (2) The overall carbon emissions in the construction phase are 3.367×106 tCO2e, with the main source of carbon emissions coming from non-traceable projects, accounting for 67.140% of the total; (3) The carbon emissions of unit investment are 1.667 tCO2e/10000 yuan, and the unit carbon emissions level of the large-scale super project in the power sector has not been improved. [Conclusion] The results verify the applicability of the carbon emission calculation method for UHV project construction formed in this study. The method provides a theoretical support for establishing carbon cost budgets for UHV projects in China, improving carbon emission management capabilities during the project construction phase, and assisting project carbon emission reductions. The study also revealed that fully utilizing the existing power grid foundation to plan project site selection and construction, innovating construction technology, introducing green materials, and application of digital technology in project construction management are highly promising paths of carbon emission reduction

AdaptGear: Accelerating GNN Training via Adaptive Subgraph-Level Kernels on GPUs

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for exploring and learning from graph structures and features. As such, achieving high-performance execution for GNNs becomes crucially important. Prior works have proposed to explore the sparsity (i.e., low density) in the input graph to accelerate GNNs, which uses the full-graph-level or block-level sparsity format. We show that they fail to balance the sparsity benefit and kernel execution efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel system, referred to as AdaptGear, that addresses the challenge of optimizing GNNs performance by leveraging kernels tailored to the density characteristics at the subgraph level. Meanwhile, we also propose a method that dynamically chooses the optimal set of kernels for a given input graph. Our evaluation shows that AdaptGear can achieve a significant performance improvement, up to $6.49 \times$ ($1.87 \times$ on average), over the state-of-the-art works on two mainstream NVIDIA GPUs across various datasets

Haemophilus parasuis Infection Disrupts Adherens Junctions and Initializes EMT Dependent on Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

In this study, animal experimentation verified that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated under a reduced activity of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) and an increased accumulation of β-catenin in the lungs and kidneys of pigs infected with a highly virulent strain of H. parasuis. In PK-15 and NPTr cells, it was also confirmed that infection with a high-virulence strain of H. parasuis induced cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. H. parasuis infection caused a sharp degradation of E-cadherin and an increase of the epithelial cell monolayer permeability, as well as a broken interaction between β-catenin and E-cadherin dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also contributed to the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during high-virulence strain of H. parasuis infection with expression changes of epithelial/mesenchymal markers, increased migratory capabilities as well as the morphologically spindle-like switch in PK-15 and NPTr cells. Therefore, we originally speculated that H. parasuis infection activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway leading to a disruption of the epithelial barrier, altering cell structure and increasing cell migration, which results in severe acute systemic infection characterized by fibrinous polyserositis during H. parasuis infection

Optimizing interplanar spacing, oxygen vacancies and micromorphology via lithium-ion pre-insertion into ammonium vanadate nanosheets for advanced cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Ammonium vanadates, featuring an N─H···O hydrogen bond network structure between NH4+ and V─O layers, have become popular cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Their appeal lies in their multi-electron transfer, high specific capacity, and facile synthesis. However, a major drawback arises as Zn2+ ions tend to form bonds with electronegative oxygen atoms between V─O layers during cycling, leading to irreversible structural collapse. Herein, Li+ pre-insertion into the intermediate layer of NH4V4O10 is proposed to enhance the electrochemical activity of ammonium vanadate cathodes for AZIBs, which extends the interlayer distance of NH4V4O10 to 9.8 Å and offers large interlaminar channels for Zn2+ (de)intercalation. Moreover, Li+ intercalation weakens the crystallinity, transforms the micromorphology from non-nanostructured strips to ultrathin nanosheets, and increases the level of oxygen defects, thus exposing more active sites for ion and electron transport, facilitating electrolyte penetration, and improving electrochemical kinetics of electrode. In addition, the introduction of Li+ significantly reduces the bandgap by 0.18 eV, enhancing electron transfer in redox reactions. Leveraging these unique advantages, the Li+ pre-intercalated NH4V4O10 cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 486.1 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and an impressive capacity retention rate of 72% after 5,000 cycles at 5 A g−1

Positive effects of parent–child group emotional regulation and resilience training on nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is a growing global concern. However, effective interventions for treating NSSI are limited.MethodA 36-week quasi-experimental study design of parent–child group resilience training (intervention group) for adolescents aged 12–17 years was used and compared with treatment-as-usual (control group). The primary endpoint was the frequency of NSSI assessed with the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI), and the secondary endpoints were the levels of depression, hope, resilience, and family adaptability and cohesion as assessed by the 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24), Herth Hope Scale (HHS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, second edition (FACES-II-CV), respectively.ResultA total of 118 participants completed the trial. Both groups showed a significant reduction in NSSI frequency after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (p< 0.05), although the intervention group did not differ significantly from the control group. After 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention, the CD-RISC, HHS, HAMD-24, and FACES-II-CV scores in the intervention and control groups improved over baseline (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention group had higher scores on the CD-RISC, HHS, and FACES-II-CV and lower scores on the HAMD-24 than the control group after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (p  < 0.05).ConclusionParent–child group emotional regulation and resilience training showed promise as treatment options for NSSI among adolescents, leading to increased hope, resilience, and improved family dynamics among NSSI teens. Moreover, NSSI frequency significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to baseline

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages