The influences of personality and motivation on the sharing of misinformation on social media

Social media, featuring rich user-generated information, is becoming an important component of daily life. It has also become a fertile ground for misinformation (inaccurate information) due to lack of quality control mechanisms. This study proposed and directly tested three predictor categories – personality, motivation, and perceived characteristic of information – to understand users’ misinformation sharing on social media. A survey was conducted with 171 university students. The findings showed that user-intrinsic factors and three motivation factors played influential roles in the sharing behavior. We thus concluded that people’s sharing of misinformation on social media is mainly influenced by their personalities or specific motivations. The action of sharing, rather than the perceived accuracy and characteristics of the information being shared, is what matters most. In light of the findings, besides teaching information evaluating skills, professionals responsible for information literacy training may also want to address the non-informational motivations that propel misinformation sharing

Understanding Idea Creation in Collaborative Discourse through Networks: The Joint Attention-Interaction-Creation (AIC) Framework

In Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, ideas generated through collaborative discourse are informative indicators of students' learning and collaboration. Idea creation is a product of emergent and interactive socio-cognitive endeavors. Therefore, analyzing ideas requires capturing contextual information in addition to the ideas themselves. In this paper, we propose the Joint Attention-Interaction-Creation (AIC) framework, which captures important dynamics in collaborative discourse, from attention and interaction to creation. The framework was developed from the networked lens, informed by natural language processing techniques, and inspired by socio-semantic network analysis. A case study was included to exemplify the framework's application in classrooms and to illustrate its potential in broader contexts

The role of randomization inference in unraveling individual treatment effects in clinical trials: Application to HIV vaccine trials

Randomization inference is a powerful tool in early phase vaccine trials to estimate the causal effect of a regimen against a placebo or another regimen. Traditionally, randomization-based inference often focuses on testing either Fisher's sharp null hypothesis of no treatment effect for any unit or Neyman's weak null hypothesis of no sample average treatment effect. Many recent efforts have explored conducting exact randomization-based inference for other summaries of the treatment effect profile, for instance, quantiles of the treatment effect distribution function. In this article, we systematically review methods that conduct exact, randomization-based inference for quantiles of individual treatment effects (ITEs) and extend some results by incorporating auxiliary information often available in a vaccine trial. These methods are suitable for four scenarios: (i) a randomized controlled trial (RCT) where the potential outcomes under one regimen are constant; (ii) an RCT with no restriction on any potential outcomes; (iii) an RCT with some user-specified bounds on potential outcomes; and (iv) a matched study comparing two non-randomized, possibly confounded treatment arms. We then conduct two extensive simulation studies, one comparing the performance of each method in many practical clinical settings and the other evaluating the usefulness of the methods in ranking and advancing experimental therapies. We apply these methods to an early-phase clinical trail, HIV Vaccine Trials Network Study 086 (HVTN 086), to showcase the usefulness of the methods

The Synthesis Lab: Empowering Collaborative Learning in Higher Education through Knowledge Synthesis

The ability to synthesize information has emerged as a critical skill for success across various fields. However, within the field of education, there is a lack of systematic understanding and well-defined design infrastructures that address the mechanisms and processes of knowledge synthesis in collaborative learning settings. In this poster, we introduce a design innovation - The Synthesis Lab, which aims to support students in synthesizing ideas from their online discussions in higher education classrooms. The tool offers structured work-spaces for students to decompose the synthesis process into intermediate synthesis products and features two key iterative processes of knowledge synthesis in collaborative settings: categorizing peers' ideas into conceptual building blocks and developing a synthesis of the discussions. Future implementation and evaluation of the design will make significant contributions to both research and practice

Complete ff-moment convergence for weighted sums of WOD arrays with statistical applications

summary:Complete $f$-moment convergence is much more general than complete convergence and complete moment convergence. In this work, we mainly investigate the complete $f$-moment convergence for weighted sums of widely orthant dependent (WOD, for short) arrays. A general result on Complete $f$-moment convergence is obtained under some suitable conditions, which generalizes the corresponding one in the literature. As an application, we establish the complete consistency for the weighted linear estimator in nonparametric regression models. Finally, some simulations are provided to show the numerical performance of theoretical results based on finite samples

Zhodnocení finanční pozice společnosti GlaxoSmithKline, a.s.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the financial performance of GSK company for the by the help of annual reports for period 2011 - 2015 The GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) Company was chosen because of its strong competitive performance in the pharmaceuticals industry in worldwide. It is the biggest British pharmaceutical company The main content in this thesis is divided into five chapters, while the first one is introduction and the last one is conclusion. In Chapter 2, we will give a general description of the financial analysis methodology. In Chapter 3, the profile of the company GSK will be introduced to give the reader a view of what GSK Company looks like. In Chapter 4, the three descriptions of the financial analysis methodology mentioned before are applied to analysis the financial situation for GSK Company.The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the financial performance of GSK company for the by the help of annual reports for period 2011 - 2015 The GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) Company was chosen because of its strong competitive performance in the pharmaceuticals industry in worldwide. It is the biggest British pharmaceutical company The main content in this thesis is divided into five chapters, while the first one is introduction and the last one is conclusion. In Chapter 2, we will give a general description of the financial analysis methodology. In Chapter 3, the profile of the company GSK will be introduced to give the reader a view of what GSK Company looks like. In Chapter 4, the three descriptions of the financial analysis methodology mentioned before are applied to analysis the financial situation for GSK Company.154 - Katedra financívelmi dobř

Empirická analýza stádního chování na čínském akciovém trhu

This thesis examines the presence of herding behavior in the Chinese stock market, including five submarkets, Shanghai A-share, Shanghai B-share, Shenzhen A-share, Shenzhen B-share and Shenzhen second-board stock markets. We use data for the last four years during the period from January 2, 2014 to October 31, 2018 to run the regression models. According to the coefficient we get from the regression model, we can conclude there is herd behavior in the Chinese stock market and the most serious herd effect exists in the second-board submarket. It means that when the market yield stocks fluctuate more seriously, the difference between market investors’ investment decision become smaller, they all trend to pursues the same action as market shows, that is, there is a certain herd behavior. The reason is the short development time for second-board and high proportion of speculators and individual investors. Therefore, in terms of rational investment, investors need to improve their ability to acquire and analyze information. In terms of system improvement, it is recommended that relevant management can strengthen the disclosure of stock investment information, achieve open, complete, transparent and effective transmission; further strengthen guidance and education investors to make the rational investment.Tato práce zkoumá přítomnost stádního chování na čínském akciovém trhu, včetně pěti dílčích trhů Shanghai A-share, Shanghai B-share, Shenzhen A-share, Shenzhen B-share a Shenzhen second-board akciový trh. Regresních modely jsou odhadnuty na základě dat za poslední čtyři roky, a to období od 2. ledna 2014 do 31. října 2018. Podle koeficientu získaného z regresního modelu můžeme konstatovat, že na čínském akciovém trhu lze prokázat stádní chování, přičemž nejvíce je tento efekt patrný na Shenzen second-board akciovém trhu. To znamená, že když tržní výnosy akcií výrazně kolísají, rozdíly mezi investičními rozhodnutími investorů na trhu jsou menší, investoři mají tendenci sledovat stejnou činnost, jakou trh vykazuje, to znamená, že existuje určité stádní chování. Důvodem může být krátká existence Shenzen second-board trhu a vysoké podíly spekulantů a individuálních investorů. Z hlediska racionálních investic proto investoři potřebují zlepšit svou schopnost získávat a analyzovat informace. Pokud jde o zlepšení systému, doporučuje se, aby příslušné vedení mohlo zpřístupnit informace o akciových investicích, dosáhnout otevřeného, ​​úplného, ​​transparentního a účinného přenosu; dále posílit poradenství a investory v oblasti vzdělávání s cílem racionálně investovat.154 - Katedra financívýborn

Privatisation policy with different oligopolistic competition in the public utilities market

This study constructs an oligopoly model in public utilities sector to explore the optimal privatisation policy and the factors affecting equilibrium outcomes and explores the optimal proportion of state-owned shares. We also offer empirical evidence of China’s public utilities from 1985 to 2019 to prove the applicability of model results. The results show that, depending on product differentiation, cost variance, technical level, nationalisation, partial or full privatisation can be optimal. Improving capital efficiency increases social welfare in Model PP, but not in Model PS. Product differentiation improves social welfare at the expense of profits in SS model. In Model PM, technical improvements boost private enterprise profits but induce a decrement in social welfare. A high proportion of state-owned shares fail to improve social welfare in Model SM. In a word, the value range of parameters and competition modes in public utilities sector affect market players’ welfare distribution, which identifies with the empirical analysis of China’s public utilities development