Adverse Mental Health of Juvenile Delinquency and Suicide: A Bibliometrics Study and Visualization Analysis via CiteSpace

Juvenile delinquency and suicide have been growing worldwide, behind which mental health issues cannot be ignored. Research status, hotspots, and frontiers in this field were mined in this study. Based on 4681 related publications from the Web of Science Core Collection, collaboration, hotspots, and frontiers were revealed via CiteSpace (from January 1st, 2000 to July 19, 2022). There is a continuous growth of relevant research, especially in the last five years. Alan Apter from Tel Aviv University in Israel was the author who published the most articles in the field (49 articles). The USA and University of California System were the leading country and institution with 2603 and 222 articles cited 88964 and 7891 times, respectively. There was active collaboration between institutions, countries, and authors on conducting research on the issues. Hot topics focused on mental health, behavior, depression, prevalence, ideation, suicide, substance use, psychiatric disorder, reliability, intervention, and risk factors. Research frontiers include adverse childhood experience, gay, and stigma. Healthy family dynamics (harmonious marital relationship, stable family structure, and correct parenting style) is the first layer of defense against juvenile delinquency and suicide. And the second layer is positive social determinants (neighbor influence, social support, stigma, and minority stress)

The Institutionalization of International Law at a Crossroads: Pacifists, Jurists, and the Creation of the ILA and the IDI

The International Law Association (ILA) and the Institut de Droit International (IDI) were both founded in 1873 at a critical juncture in the history of pacifism and internationalism, in the immediate aftermath of the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War and the 1872 British-American Alabama arbitration. Frustrated by the blatant violations of international rules during the war and then emboldened by the arbitral resolution of the protracted Alabama dispute between Britain and the United States, pacifists and international jurists joined forces to promote an ordered system of international law and advocate for legalized international dispute settlement. The aim was to marshal the scattered reformist forces of international law in furtherance of international legal reform—“international law needed to be institutionalized,” as Gerald Fitzmaurice put it.1 This resulted in the almost simultaneous establishment of the pacifism-originated ILA and the legal-scientism-oriented IDI, and helped to explain the similarity in institutional telos and the high degree of overlap in membership between the two institutions in their early years.2 Nevertheless, the ILA and the IDI differed in their working agendas and strategies. In terms of agendas, while the ILA tended to adopt an idealist view of international law hardly succumbing to compromises, the IDI mainly adhered to a scientifically pragmatic approach. With respect to strategies, the ILA sought social influence based on expansive membership, while the IDI's membership consisted of a limited number of international jurists. Despite changes over time, these organizational structures and distinctions between the two institutions at their founding moment are still visible

MIXED-FLOW PUMP OPTIMISATION AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON THE ‘DUAL CARBON’ GOALS

Urban water supply and drainage, the shipbuilding industry, the petrochemical industry and other professional fields rely heavily on mixed-flow pumps. Enhancing the efficiency of mixed-flow pumps is crucial for achieving the ‘dual carbon’ goals and promote energy saving and emission reduction. In this study, the guide vane and impeller of the mixed-flow pump were optimised, focusing on its low head and effectiveness in power plants. The performance of the original and optimised pumps was then evaluated under various flow rate conditions, and their hydraulic performance was compared. Results showed that the efficiency of the optimised mixed-flow pump was improved, resulting in effective enhancement of energy loss in the pump passage. The optimised guide vane facilitated smoother water flow into the outlet pipeline, achieving energy savings, emission reduction and contributing to the realisation of the ‘dual carbon’ goals

A Non-Volatile Surface Tension-Driven Electrochemical Liquid Metal Actuator

We present a surface-tension driven electrochemical liquid metal (LM) actuator without the gas-producing side-reaction and capable of fabrication/operation in ambient air for practical applications. A hybrid supercapacitor is introduced to inhibit the common counter electrode side reactions, and the use of quasi-solid-state ionic hydrogel instead of liquid electrolyte further enables non-volatile operations. A 2×4 LM droplet array is demonstrated to actuate by a low driving voltage of 3.5 V for a maximum force of ~8.5 mN and a displacement of 0.56 mm in only 1.75 s. With the favorable scaling law of surface tension, further miniaturization could provide new opportunities in applications such as micro-robots, microfluidics, soft robots, and so on

Learning One-Shot 4D Head Avatar Synthesis using Synthetic Data

Existing one-shot 4D head synthesis methods usually learn from monocular videos with the aid of 3DMM reconstruction, yet the latter is evenly challenging which restricts them from reasonable 4D head synthesis. We present a method to learn one-shot 4D head synthesis via large-scale synthetic data. The key is to first learn a part-wise 4D generative model from monocular images via adversarial learning, to synthesize multi-view images of diverse identities and full motions as training data; then leverage a transformer-based animatable triplane reconstructor to learn 4D head reconstruction using the synthetic data. A novel learning strategy is enforced to enhance the generalizability to real images by disentangling the learning process of 3D reconstruction and reenactment. Experiments demonstrate our superiority over the prior art.Comment: Project page: https://yudeng.github.io/Portrait4D