Light beaming from a single subwavelength metal slit

In this thesis, light transmission through a single sub-wavelength slit in a silver thin film with periodic gratings at the exit side of the slit has been studied in both the visible and mid-infrared wavelength ranges. In the visible wavelength range, we first investigate the enhancement of plasmonic light beaming efficiency by near field resonance in a subwavelength metallic slit-groove beaming structure. We show that by varying the film thickness and the separation distance of the beaming grating, the intensity of the near field can be greatly enhanced by resonance, which leads to the increase of the beaming efficiency. Moreover, we obtain a nanocavity above the nanoslit by integrating a metal nanostrip with the beaming structure. The resonance of this nanocavity can further enhance the near field intensity and improve the beaming efficiency. We also show that light beaming in mid-infrared is mainly controlled by \u27spoof\u27 surface plasmons. We take account of both the dispersion relation and the phase-matching condition of \u27spoof\u27 surface plasmons to obtain good beaming efficiency. Through engineering the geometry of the grating structures, we can achieve the desired near field and far field distribution in mid-infrared

A Study on the Translation Methods of Social Culture-Loaded Words in Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s Translation of Call to Arms From the Perspective of Hermeneutics

It has been almost twenty years since hermeneutics is first introduced into China, providing comprehensive and diverse interpretations for some phenomena or expressions in translation process, especially for culture-loaded words in many literary works. Call to Arms is a very famous literary novel written by Luxun which contains a great number of culture-loaded words, including many social culture-loaded words which imply much meaningful social and cultural connotations. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang successfully use different translation methods related with hermeneutics in the translation of Call to Arms. By analyzing the translation methods of social culture-loaded words in Call to Arms’ English translation from the perspective of hermeneutics, how the translators subtly use different translation methods to embody the three principles of hermeneutics can be reflected in terms of achieving different translation effects

Characterizing the Influence of Graph Elements

Influence function, a method from robust statistics, measures the changes of model parameters or some functions about model parameters concerning the removal or modification of training instances. It is an efficient and useful post-hoc method for studying the interpretability of machine learning models without the need for expensive model re-training. Recently, graph convolution networks (GCNs), which operate on graph data, have attracted a great deal of attention. However, there is no preceding research on the influence functions of GCNs to shed light on the effects of removing training nodes/edges from an input graph. Since the nodes/edges in a graph are interdependent in GCNs, it is challenging to derive influence functions for GCNs. To fill this gap, we started with the simple graph convolution (SGC) model that operates on an attributed graph and formulated an influence function to approximate the changes in model parameters when a node or an edge is removed from an attributed graph. Moreover, we theoretically analyzed the error bound of the estimated influence of removing an edge. We experimentally validated the accuracy and effectiveness of our influence estimation function. In addition, we showed that the influence function of an SGC model could be used to estimate the impact of removing training nodes/edges on the test performance of the SGC without re-training the model. Finally, we demonstrated how to use influence functions to guide the adversarial attacks on GCNs effectively

An observer-based type-3 fuzzy control for non-holonomic wheeled robots

Non-holonomic wheeled robots (NWR) comprise a type of robotic system; they use wheels for movement and offer several advantages over other types. They are efficient, highly, and maneuverable, making them ideal for factory automation, logistics, transportation, and healthcare. The control of this type of robot is complicated, due to the complexity of modeling, asymmetrical non-holonomic constraints, and unknown perturbations in various applications. Therefore, in this study, a novel type-3 (T3) fuzzy logic system (FLS)-based controller is developed for NWRs. T3-FLSs are employed for modeling, and the modeling errors are considered in stability analysis based on the symmetric Lyapunov function. An observer is designed to detect the error, and its effect is eliminated by a developed terminal sliding mode controller (SMC). The designed technique is used to control a case-study NWR, and the results demonstrate the good accuracy of the developed scheme under non-holonomic constraints, unknown dynamics, and nonlinear disturbances

Fundamental Limitation on the Detectability of Entanglement

Entanglement detection is essential in quantum information science and quantum many-body physics. It has been proved that entanglement exists almost surely for a random quantum state, while the realizations of effective entanglement criteria usually consume exponential resources, and efficient criteria often perform poorly without prior knowledge. This fact implies a fundamental limitation might exist in the detectability of entanglement. In this work, we formalize this limitation as a fundamental trade-off between the efficiency and effectiveness of entanglement criteria via a systematic method to theoretically evaluate the detection capability of entanglement criteria. For a system coupled to an environment, we prove that any entanglement criterion needs exponentially many observables to detect the entanglement effectively when restricted to single-copy operations. Otherwise, the detection capability of the criterion will decay double-exponentially. Furthermore, if multi-copy joint measurements are allowed, the effectiveness of entanglement detection can be exponentially improved, which implies a quantum advantage in entanglement detection problems.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure