4,993 research outputs found
Nuclear matter symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei
Correlations between the thickness of the neutron skin in finite nuclei and
the nuclear matter symmetry energy are studied in the Skyrme Hartree-Fock
model. From the most recent analysis of the isospin diffusion data in heavy-ion
collisions based on an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model with
in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections, a value of MeV for the
slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density is extracted, and
this imposes stringent constraints on both the parameters in the Skyrme
effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei.
Predicted thickness of the neutron skin is fm for Pb,
fm for Sn, and fm for Sn.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, revised version, to appear in PR
Spin precession due to spin-orbit coupling in a two-dimensional electron gas with spin injection via ideal quantum point contact
We present the analytical result of the expectation value of spin resulting
from an injected spin polarized electron into a semi-infinitely extended 2DEG
plane with [001] growth geometry via ideal quantum point contact. Both the
Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings are taken into account. A pictorial
interpretation of the spin precession along certain transport directions is
given. The spin precession due to the Rashba term is found to be especially
interesting since it behaves simply like a windshield wiper which is very
different from the ordinary precession while that due to the Dresselhaus term
is shown to be crystallographic-direction-dependent. Some crystallographic
directions with interesting and handleable behavior of spin precession are
found and may imply certain applicability in spintronic devices.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Local spin density in two-dimensional electron gas with hexagonal boundary
The intrinsic spin-Hall effect in hexagon-shaped samples is investigated. To
take into account the spin-orbit couplings and to fit the hexagon edges, we
derive the triangular version of the tight-binding model for the linear Rashba
[Sov. Phys. Solid State 2, 1109 (1960)] and Dresselhaus [Phys. Rev. 100, 580
(1955)] [001] Hamiltonians, which allow direct application of the
Landauer-Keldysh non-equilibrium Green function formalism to calculating the
local spin density within the hexagonal sample. Focusing on the out-of-plane
component of spin, we obtain the geometry-dependent spin-Hall accumulation
patterns, which are sensitive to not only the sample size, the spin-orbit
coupling strength, the bias strength, but also the lead configurations.
Contrary to the rectangular samples, the accumulation pattern can be very
different in our hexagonal samples. Our present work provides a fundamental
description of the geometry effect on the intrinsic spin-Hall effect, taking
the hexagon as the specific case. Moreover, broken spin-Hall symmetry due to
the coexistence of the Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings is also discussed. Upon
exchanging the two coupling strengths, the accumulation pattern is reversed,
confirming the earlier predicted sign change in spin-Hall conductivity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Conformal Covariantization of Moyal-Lax Operators
A covariant approach to the conformal property associated with Moyal-Lax
operators is given. By identifying the conformal covariance with the second
Gelfand-Dickey flow, we covariantize Moyal-Lax operators to construct the
primary fields of one-parameter deformation of classical -algebras.Comment: 13 pages, Revtex, no figures, v.2: typos corrected, references added
and conclusion modifie
Kernel Formula Approach to the Universal Whitham Hierarchy
We derive the dispersionless Hirota equations of the universal Whitham
hierarchy from the kernel formula approach proposed by Carroll and Kodama.
Besides, we also verify the associativity equations in this hierarchy from the
dispersionless Hirota equations and give a realization of the associative
algebra with structure constants expressed in terms of the residue formulas.Comment: 18 page
Cubic String Field Theory in pp-wave Background and Background Independent Moyal Structure
We study Witten open string field theory in the pp-wave background in the
tensionless limit, and construct the N-string vertex in the basis which
diagonalizes the string perturbative spectrum. We found that the Witten
*-product can be viewed as infinite copies of the Moyal product with the same
noncommutativity parameter . Moreover, we show that this Moyal
structure is universal in the sense that, written in the string bit basis,
Witten's *-product for any background can always be given in terms of the
above-mentioned Moyal structure. We identify some projective operators in this
algebra that we argue to correspond to D-branes of the theory.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, reference adde
Patterns of periodic holes created by increased cell motility
The reaction and diffusion of morphogens is a mechanism widely used to explain many spatial patterns in physics, chemistry and developmental biology. However, because experimental control is limited in most biological systems, it is often unclear what mechanisms account for the biological patterns that arise. Here, we study a biological model of cultured vascular mesenchymal cells (VMCs), which normally self-organize into aggregates that form into labyrinthine configurations. We use an experimental control and a mathematical model that includes reacting and diffusing morphogens and a third variable reflecting local cell density. With direct measurements showing that cell motility was increased ninefold and threefold by inhibiting either Rho kinase or non-muscle myosin-II, respectively, our experimental results and mathematical modelling demonstrate that increased motility alters the multicellular pattern of the VMC cultures, from labyrinthine to a pattern of periodic holes. These results suggest implications for the tissue engineering of functional replacements for trabecular or spongy tissue such as endocardium and bone
Time-Delay Effect on the cOsmic Background Radiation by Static Gravitational Potential of Clusters
We present a quantitative analysis of the time-delay effect on the cosmic
background radiation (CBR) by static gravitational potential of galaxy
clusters. This is primarily motivated by growing observational evidence that
clusters have essentially experienced no-evolution since redshift ,
indicating that the contribution of a time-dependent potential to CBR
anisotropy discussed in literature could be rather small for the
dynamically-relaxed clusters. Using the softened isothermal sphere model and
the universal density profile for the mass distribution of rich clusters, we
calculate the CBR anisotropy by the time-delay effect and compare it with those
generated by the thermal and kinematic S-Z effects as well as by the transverse
motion of clusters. While it is unlikely that the time-delay effect is
detectable in the current S-Z measurement because of its small amplitude of
- and its achromaticity, it nevertheless leads to an
uncertainty of in the measurement of the kinematic S-Z effect of
clusters. Future cosmological application of the peculiar velocity of clusters
to be measured through the S-Z effect should therefore take this uncertainty
into account.Comment: 15pages,1figures,accepted by Astrophysical Journa
Intersecting black branes in strong gravitational waves
We consider intersecting black branes with strong gravitational waves
propagating along their worldvolume in the context of supergravity theories.
Both near-horizon and space-filling gravitational wave modes are included in
our ansatz. The equations of motion (originally, partial differential
equations) are shown to reduce to ordinary differential equations, which
include a Toda-like system. For special arrangements of intersecting black
branes, the Toda-like system becomes integrable, permitting a more thorough
analysis of the gravitational equations of motion.Comment: 17 pages; v2: cosmetic improvements, published versio
Tunneling dynamics in exactly-solvable models with triple-well potentials
Inspired by new trends in atomtronics, cold atoms devices and Bose-Einstein
condensate dynamics, we apply a general technique of N=4 extended
Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics to isospectral Hamiltonians with triple-well
potentials, i.e. symmetric and asymmetric. Expressions of quantum-mechanical
propagators, which take into account all states of the spectrum, are obtained,
within the N = 4 SQM approach, in the closed form. For the initial Hamiltonian
of a harmonic oscillator, we obtain the explicit expressions of potentials,
wavefunctions and propagators. The obtained results are applied to tunneling
dynamics of localized states in triple-well potentials and for studying its
features. In particular, we observe a Josephson-type tunneling transition of a
wave packet, the effect of its partial trapping and a non-monotonic dependence
of tunneling dynamics on the shape of a three-well potential. We investigate,
among others, the possibility of controlling tunneling transport by changing
parameters of the central well, and we briefly discuss potential applications
of this aspect to atomtronic devices.Comment: Latex, 28 pages, 7 Figs, 2 Tables; minor presentation changes,
journal versio
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