22 research outputs found
A Free-Form Prediction for the Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal in the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223
The massive cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223(z=0.544) displays five very large lensed
images of a well resolved spiral galaxy at . It is within
one of these images that the first example of a multiply-lensed supernova has
been detected recently as part of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space.
The depth of this data also reveals many HII regions within the lensed spiral
galaxy which we identify between the five counter-images. Here we expand the
capability of our free-form method to incorporate these HII regions locally,
with other reliable lensed galaxies added for a global solution. This improved
accuracy allows us to estimate when the Refsdal supernova will appear within
the other lensed images of the spiral galaxy to an accuracy of 7\%. We
predict this supernova will reappear in one of the counter-images
(RA=11:49:36.025, DEC=+22:23:48.11, J2000) and on November 1 2015 (with
an estimated error of 25 days) it will be at the same phase as it was
when it was originally discovered, offering a unique opportunity to study the
early phases of this supernova and to examine the consistency of the mass model
and the cosmological model that have an impact on the time delay prediction.Comment: 12 images, 11 pages. Mateches accepted version in MNRAS. MNRAS in
pres
Au@Ag Heterogeneous Nanorods as Nanozyme Interfaces with Peroxidase-Like Activity and Their Application for One-Pot Analysis of Glucose at Nearly Neutral pH
Data_Sheet_1_Associations between genetically determined dietary factors and risk of autism spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study.ZIP
BackgroundExisting studies confirm the importance of dietary factors in developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disease progression. Still, these studies are primarily observational, and their causal relationship is unknown. Moreover, due to the extensive diversity of food types, the existing research remains somewhat limited in comprehensiveness. The inconsistency of the results of some studies is very disruptive to the clinic. This study infers a causal relationship between dietary factors on the risk of developing ASD from a genetic perspective, which may lead to significant low-cost benefits for children with ASD once the specificity of dietary factors interfering with ASD is confirmed.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 18 common dietary factors from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database as instrumental variables (IVs) and obtaining pooled data for ASD (Sample size = 46,351) from the iPSYCH-PGC institution. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary analytical method to estimate causality, Cochran's Q test to assess heterogeneity, the Egger-intercept test to test for pleiotropy and sensitivity analysis to verify the reliability of causal association results.ResultsThe MR analysis identified four dietary factors with potential causal relationships: poultry intake (fixed-effects IVW: OR = 0.245, 95% CI: 0.084–0.718, P 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed potential causal relationships between poultry intake, beef intake, cheese intake, dried fruit intake, and ASD. Poultry and beef intake were associated with a reduced risk of ASD, while cheese and dried fruit intake were associated with an increased risk. Other dietary factors included in this study were not associated with ASD.</p
Data_Sheet_2_Associations between genetically determined dietary factors and risk of autism spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study.PDF
BackgroundExisting studies confirm the importance of dietary factors in developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disease progression. Still, these studies are primarily observational, and their causal relationship is unknown. Moreover, due to the extensive diversity of food types, the existing research remains somewhat limited in comprehensiveness. The inconsistency of the results of some studies is very disruptive to the clinic. This study infers a causal relationship between dietary factors on the risk of developing ASD from a genetic perspective, which may lead to significant low-cost benefits for children with ASD once the specificity of dietary factors interfering with ASD is confirmed.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 18 common dietary factors from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database as instrumental variables (IVs) and obtaining pooled data for ASD (Sample size = 46,351) from the iPSYCH-PGC institution. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary analytical method to estimate causality, Cochran's Q test to assess heterogeneity, the Egger-intercept test to test for pleiotropy and sensitivity analysis to verify the reliability of causal association results.ResultsThe MR analysis identified four dietary factors with potential causal relationships: poultry intake (fixed-effects IVW: OR = 0.245, 95% CI: 0.084–0.718, P 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed potential causal relationships between poultry intake, beef intake, cheese intake, dried fruit intake, and ASD. Poultry and beef intake were associated with a reduced risk of ASD, while cheese and dried fruit intake were associated with an increased risk. Other dietary factors included in this study were not associated with ASD.</p
Data_Sheet_3_Associations between genetically determined dietary factors and risk of autism spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study.PDF
BackgroundExisting studies confirm the importance of dietary factors in developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disease progression. Still, these studies are primarily observational, and their causal relationship is unknown. Moreover, due to the extensive diversity of food types, the existing research remains somewhat limited in comprehensiveness. The inconsistency of the results of some studies is very disruptive to the clinic. This study infers a causal relationship between dietary factors on the risk of developing ASD from a genetic perspective, which may lead to significant low-cost benefits for children with ASD once the specificity of dietary factors interfering with ASD is confirmed.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 18 common dietary factors from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database as instrumental variables (IVs) and obtaining pooled data for ASD (Sample size = 46,351) from the iPSYCH-PGC institution. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary analytical method to estimate causality, Cochran's Q test to assess heterogeneity, the Egger-intercept test to test for pleiotropy and sensitivity analysis to verify the reliability of causal association results.ResultsThe MR analysis identified four dietary factors with potential causal relationships: poultry intake (fixed-effects IVW: OR = 0.245, 95% CI: 0.084–0.718, P 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed potential causal relationships between poultry intake, beef intake, cheese intake, dried fruit intake, and ASD. Poultry and beef intake were associated with a reduced risk of ASD, while cheese and dried fruit intake were associated with an increased risk. Other dietary factors included in this study were not associated with ASD.</p
Advanced semiconductor catalyst designs for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Using clean solar energy to reduce CO2 into value-added products not only consumes the over-emitted CO2 that causes environmental problems, but also generates fuel chemicals to alleviate energy crises. The photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PCO2RR) relies on the semiconductor photocatalysts that suffer from high recombination rate of the photo-generated carriers, low light harvesting capability, and low stability. This review explores the recent discoveries on the novel semiconductors for PCO2RR, focusing on the rational catalyst design strategies (such as surface engineering, band engineering, hierarchical structure construction, single-atom catalysts, and biohybrid catalysts) that promote the catalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts on PCO2RR. The advanced characterization techniques that contribute to understanding the intrinsic properties of the photocatalysts are also discussed. Lastly, the perspectives on future challenges and possible solutions for PCO2RR are presented
Iridium/Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H/O−H Annulation of Benzoic Acids with Saturated Ketones for Accessing 3‐Substituted Phthalides
Design of Porous/Hollow Structured Ceria by Partial Thermal Decomposition of Ce-MOF and Selective Etching
Metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used to prepare corresponding porous
metal oxides via thermal treatment. However, high temperature treatment
always leads to obtained metal oxides with a large crystallite size,
thus decreasing their specific surface area. Different from the conventional
complete thermal decomposition of MOFs, herein, using Ce-MOF as a
demonstration, we choose partial thermal decomposition of MOF, followed
by selective etching to prepare porous/hollow structured ceria because
of the poor stability of Ce-MOF under acidic conditions. Compared
with the ceria derived from complete thermal decomposition of Ce-MOF,
the as-prepared ceria is demonstrated to be a good support for copper
oxide species during the CO oxidation catalytic reaction. Raman spectroscopy,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrogen temperature-programmed
reduction (H<sub>2</sub>-TPR) analysis revealed that the as-prepared
ceria is favorable for strengthening the interaction between the ceria
and loaded copper oxide species. This work is expected to open a new,
simple avenue for the synthesis of metal oxides from MOFs via partial
thermal decomposition
Successive Interfacial Reaction-Directed Synthesis of CeO<sub>2</sub>@Au@CeO<sub>2</sub>‑MnO<sub>2</sub> Environmental Catalyst with Sandwich Hollow Structure
Noble
metal nanoparticle-based catalysts are widely used for the
removal of hazardous materials. During the catalytic reactions, it
is of particular importance for developing novel strategies to avoid
the leaching or sintering of noble metal nanoparticles. Here, the
4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and CO, typical hazardous chemicals in industrial
water and exhaust gases from vehicles, are studied for their removal
using CeO<sub>2</sub>@Au@CeO<sub>2</sub>-MnO<sub>2</sub> catalyst.
The sandwich hollow structure is achieved by means of successive interfacial
redox reaction without any surfactants and without involving any surface
modifications. Because of the synergistic interaction between Au nanoparticles
and oxides, the as-prepared environmental catalyst exhibits remarkable
activity toward the 4-NP reduction. Moreover, the sandwich structure
inhibits the growth of the Au nanoparticles and the as-prepared catalyst
still displays high activity toward CO oxidation even when the catalyst
is treated at 600 °C