8,395 research outputs found
Magnification Bias Estimators for Realistic Surveys: an Application to the BOSS Survey
In addition to the intrinsic clustering of galaxies themselves, the spatial
distribution of galaxies observed in surveys is modulated by the presence of
weak lensing due to matter in the foreground. This effect, known as
magnification bias, is a significant contaminant to analyses of galaxy-lensing
cross-correlations and must be carefully modelled. We present a method to
estimate the magnification bias in spectroscopically confirmed galaxy samples
based on finite differences of galaxy catalogues while marginalizing over
errors due to finite step size. We use our estimator to measure the
magnification biases of the CMASS and LOWZ samples in the SDSS BOSS galaxy
survey, analytically taking into account the dependence on galaxy shape for
fiber and PSF magnitudes, finding and
and quantify modelling uncertainties in
these measurements. Finally, we quantify the redshift evolution of the
magnification bias within the CMASS and LOWZ samples, finding a difference of
up to a factor of three between the lower and upper redshift bounds for the
former. We discuss how to account for this evolution in modelling and its
interaction with commonly applied redshift-dependent weights. Our method should
be readily-applicable to upcoming surveys and we make our code publicly
available as part of this work.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, Accepted in MNRA
Magnetic flux dynamics in critical state of one-dimensional discrete superconductor
We give a theoretical description of avalanche-like dynamics of magnetic flux
in the critical state of "hard" type-II superconductors using a model of a
one-dimensional multijunction SQUID that well reproduces the main magnetic
properties of these objects. We show that the system under consideration
demonstrates the self-organized criticality. The avalanches of vortices
manifest themselves as jumps of the total magnetic flux in the sample. The
sizes of these jumps have a power-law distribution. Our results are in
qualitative agreement with experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Prediction Model of End Mill Cutting Edge Based on Material Properties and Cutting Conditions
In machining, the cutting performance of the tool depends on the tool material, tool structure, tool geometry, properties of workpiece materials, and cutting conditions. If the user chooses an inappropriate cutting tool for the machining of the workpiece material, this will cause energy loss and severe tool wear. This study aims to investigate the influence of mechanical properties of workpiece material and cutting conditions on the tool geometry and to establish a polynomial network for the prediction of a reasonable normal relief angle and a normal wedge angle based on experimental data. Experimental results indicate that the cutting of high hardness and high strength workpiece materials requires a larger normal wedge angle to increase the cutting edge strength. In addition, the design of the normal relief angle is related to Young\u27s modulus and the toughness of the workpiece material, mainly to avoid material elastic recovery during the cutting process. In terms of cutting parameters, as the radial depth of cut increases, the contact area between the tool and the chip increases, which causes the heat to concentrate at the tip of the tool; hence, it is necessary to increase the normal wedge angle. In addition, the feed per tooth had a negligible effect on the normal wedge angle. Finally, the prediction model was verified by five untested workpiece materials. The results of the cutting tests showed that the flatness of the cutting edge was less than 15 μm, which indicates that a normal cutting phenomenon occurred on the flank
Duality Cascade in Brane Inflation
We show that brane inflation is very sensitive to tiny sharp features in
extra dimensions, including those in the potential and in the warp factor. This
can show up as observational signatures in the power spectrum and/or
non-Gaussianities of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). One
general example of such sharp features is a succession of small steps in a
warped throat, caused by Seiberg duality cascade using gauge/gravity duality.
We study the cosmological observational consequences of these steps in brane
inflation. Since the steps come in a series, the prediction of other steps and
their properties can be tested by future data and analysis. It is also possible
that the steps are too close to be resolved in the power spectrum, in which
case they may show up only in the non-Gaussianity of the CMB temperature
fluctuations and/or EE polarization. We study two cases. In the slow-roll
scenario where steps appear in the inflaton potential, the sensitivity of brane
inflation to the height and width of the steps is increased by several orders
of magnitude comparing to that in previously studied large field models. In the
IR DBI scenario where steps appear in the warp factor, we find that the
glitches in the power spectrum caused by these sharp features are generally
small or even unobservable, but associated distinctive non-Gaussianity can be
large. Together with its large negative running of the power spectrum index,
this scenario clearly illustrates how rich and different a brane inflationary
scenario can be when compared to generic slow-roll inflation. Such distinctive
stringy features may provide a powerful probe of superstring theory.Comment: Corrections in Eq.(5.47), Eq (5.48), Eq(5.49) and Fig
Study of higher-order harmonics of complex ac susceptibility in thin films by the mutual inductive method
We have applied the mutual inductive method to study higher-order harmonics
of complex ac susceptibility for
YB_2C_3O_{7-\delta}nU_cJ_c$ for two samples
both at T=0.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Comparing Infrared Dirac-Born-Infeld Brane Inflation to Observations
We compare the Infrared Dirac-Born-Infeld (IR DBI) brane inflation model to
observations using a Bayesian analysis. The current data cannot distinguish it
from the \LambdaCDM model, but is able to give interesting constraints on
various microscopic parameters including the mass of the brane moduli
potential, the fundamental string scale, the charge or warp factor of throats,
and the number of the mobile branes. We quantify some distinctive testable
predictions with stringy signatures, such as the large non-Gaussianity, and the
large, but regional, running of the spectral index. These results illustrate
how we may be able to probe aspects of string theory using cosmological
observations.Comment: 54 pages, 13 figures. v2: non-Gaussianity constraint has been applied
to the model; parameter constraints have tightened significantly, conclusions
unchanged. References added; v3, minor revision, PRD versio
A Consistency Relation for Power Law Inflation in DBI models
Brane inflation in string theory leads to a new realization of power law
inflation which can give rise to significant non-gaussianity. This can happen
for any throat geometry if the scalar potential is appropriate. This note
presents a consistency relation connecting the running of the nonlinearity
parameter characterizing the non-gaussianity and the scalar and tensor indices.
The relationship is valid assuming that the throat geometry and scalar
potential support power law inflation, regardless of the level of
non-gaussianity.Comment: Added references, a couple of comments, fixed 3 typo
Universality in D-brane Inflation
We study the six-field dynamics of D3-brane inflation for a general scalar
potential on the conifold, finding simple, universal behavior. We numerically
evolve the equations of motion for an ensemble of more than 7 \times 10^7
realizations, drawing the coefficients in the scalar potential from statistical
distributions whose detailed properties have demonstrably small effects on our
results. When prolonged inflation occurs, it has a characteristic form: the
D3-brane initially moves rapidly in the angular directions, spirals down to an
inflection point in the potential, and settles into single-field inflation. The
probability of N_{e} e-folds of inflation is a power law, P(N_{e}) \propto
N_{e}^{-3}, and we derive the same exponent from a simple analytical model. The
success of inflation is relatively insensitive to the initial conditions: we
find attractor behavior in the angular directions, and the D3-brane can begin
far above the inflection point without overshooting. In favorable regions of
the parameter space, models yielding 60 e-folds of expansion arise
approximately once in 10^3 trials. Realizations that are effectively
single-field and give rise to a primordial spectrum of fluctuations consistent
with WMAP, for which at least 120 e-folds are required, arise approximately
once in 10^5 trials. The emergence of robust predictions from a six-field
potential with hundreds of terms invites an analytic approach to multifield
inflation.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure
- …