The Workplace Bullying in Nurses: A Psychometric Propertises of Iranian Version of Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised

AbstractIntroduction: Workplace bullying is a persistent amount of negative conduct which one individual is subjected to by another, and it is emotionally and psychologically aggravating. Nurses are exposed to a greater risk of bullying, due to their direct contact with patients and their associates. The present study aims to investigate the factor structure of Iranian version of Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised.Methods: The present methodological study was conducted amongst 400 nurses working in various hospitals affiliated to the Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, over a three month period in 2017. Construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed, and its reliability was also verified for internal consistency, and construct reliability.Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of the following three factors: Physically intimidating bullying, person-related bullying, and work-related bullying. The model's good fit indices confirmed the workplace bullying in nursing tool as follows: PCFI= 0.767, PNFI= 0.721, CMIN/DF= 2.325, RMSEA= 0.081, AGFI= 0.815, IFI= 0.912, and CFI= 0.918. The convergent validity and discriminant validity of the construct of workplace bullying in nursing as well as its internal consistency and construct reliability (>0.7) were confirmed.Conclusions: The present study results showed that the three-factor construct of workplace bullying in nursing has good validity and reliability. Given its favorable psychometric properties, this questionnaire can be effective in assessing the incidence rate of workplace bullying in the nursing profession

Training Professionalism Using Hidden Curriculum in an Internship Course: Account of Experiences of Undergraduate Students of Surgical Technology

Background: Medical students are in direct contact with patients due to their clinical situation, and one of the important goals of medical education is professional development of these students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explain students’ experiences regarding professionalism training using hidden curriculum. Methods: This study was carried out through content analysis, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 6th and 8th semester undergraduate students of surgical technology. The participants were entered into the study using the purposive sampling method and each individual interview lasted for about 35 - 45 minutes. Semi-structured questions were used to conduct the interviews and then follow-up and exploratory questions were used to clarify the concept and to deepen the interview process. Results: Overall, 358 primary codes and the two main themes of observing patient rights and professional accountability were extracted. The theme of observing patient rights includes three sub-themes, including observing patient privacy, respect for patient’s dignity and patient safety, and the theme of professional accountability comprised the three sub-themes of compliance with professional standards, professional communication and instructor as ethics teacher. Conclusions: Professors’ familiarity with the training and development of professionalism among medical students, and attention to the role of hidden curriculum in the formulation of values, norms and behaviors regarding professionalism is suggested. Keywords Professionalism Hidden Curriculum Explanation Studen

Cancer-related Fatigue and its Relationship with Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Background and objectives: Fatigue experience is a psychological experience therefore, the relevant caregivers’ acquaintance with this issueis the most important step in offering optimal care for the patients. Accordingly, this study was conductedto determine Cancer-related Fatigue and its Relationship with Demographic and Clinical Characteristics inCancer Patients.A cancer diagnosis is a highly undesirable event for anyone.Methods: characteristics form and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. The data were analyzed with the SPSS-18 software and t-test and ANOVA and tukey post hoc test were used.In this analytical study, 150 cancer patients visiting the oncology unit, the Shafa Radiotherapy Center,and Gorgan’s 5th Azar Teaching Hospital in 2012, who were selected with a purposive sampling method,participated in the study for 4 months. The required information was collected using a demographic and clinicalResults: of treatment, 51.3% used chemotherapy-surgery-radiotherapy regimen, 24.7% surgery-chemotherapy regimen,14% used chemotherapy, 7.3% used radiotherapy, and 2.7% used surgery. The overall mean scoreof fatigue was 54.65±8.78 from 100. The variables of residence (P=0. 018), the duration of marriage(P=0.018), the treatment regimen type (P<0.001), and the family’s economic status (P<0.000) were found toThe patients’ mean age was 48.39±1.5 Of the patients, 55.3% had undergone less than 12 monthshave a significant relationship with fatigue.Conclusion: Psychological interventions, besides physical caring and nursing interventions play a significantrole in the all-inclusive management of cancer patients’ problems, in particular, their fatigue

The Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Gorgan and Aq-Qala Cities, Iran in 2013

Objectives: Aging and its subsequent issues must be considered as the main challenges of the future.&nbsp;Studies on abuse of the elderly are very limited. This study which was conducted in 2013 and aimed to&nbsp;determine the prevalence and types of domestic abuse in the elderly referred to health care centers in&nbsp;Gorgan and Aq-Qala cities, Gorgan Province, Iran. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional analytical study, through a random sampling, 465 elders aged&nbsp;65 or older (125 men and 254 women), residing in the health care centers in Gorgan and Aq-Qala, were&nbsp;enrolled. A face-to-face interview was carried out with all participants at the health care centers. First,&nbsp;their cognitive states were evaluated using the Iranian version of abbreviated mental test score and if&nbsp;they obtained the score of 6 or higher they would be entered in the study, after taking their informed&nbsp;consents. Then, the domestic elder abuse questionnaire for elderly people and a questionnaire designed&nbsp;by the authors for collecting demographic and personal data was administered. Descriptive (percentage,&nbsp;frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (The Chi-square, t-test) were performed&nbsp;using SPSS (version 16). Results: The total frequency of elder abuse was 63.3%. The highest frequencies were related to care neglect&nbsp;(59.8%) and psychological abuse (53.3%) and the lowest ones belonged to physical abuse (8%) and&nbsp;abandonment (8.2%). Some factors, including sex (P<0.034), ethnicity (P<0.0001), location (P<0.0001),&nbsp;and age (P<0.035) were significantly different between the 2 groups of abused and non-abused. Conclusion: Because of the high level of elder abuse by family, providing awareness programs for seniors,&nbsp;caregivers and health care providers seems to be essential to prevent and reduce the neglect and abuse&nbsp;of older people

Comparative Study of Surgical Outcomes in Patients with and without COVID-19 Undergoing Emergency Surgery

Background and purpose: Many studies suggest that surgery in patients with COVID-19 increases the risk of complications and mortality after surgery. The purpose of this research was to compare the frequency of outcomes during and after surgery between patients with and without COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery in Gonbad Kavus hospitals, 2020-2021. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, two groups of adults (n= 114) with and without COVID-19 (group A and group B, respectively) who underwent emergency surgery were examined. Demographic data, laboratory findings, and during and post-operative outcomes were recorded. Data analysis was done in SPSS V26. Results: Average age and weight in group A (45.5 years, 78.3±16.6 Kg, respectively) were found to be higher than those in group B (39.3 years and 67.9±11.5 Kg, respectively). Significant difference was seen in the percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation after operations between group A (94.7±1.38) and group B (91.7±2.83) (P<0.0001). Also, mean ICU and hospital length of stay were significantly longer in group A (8.5 and 9.8 days, respectively) compared with group B (5.4 and 6 days, respectively) (P<0.0001). Moreover, death was observed more in group A (76%) than group B (23%) (P=0.041). Conclusion: All members of the surgical team are required to pay special attention to the increase in the incidence of complications during and after surgery in patients with COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery in order to take necessary preventive and therapeutic measures

Fetus in Fetus in the Sacral Sac: Report of Surgical Management Case

Background: Fetus-In-Fetu (FIF) is a rare congenital malformation, which consists of a fetus mixed with a distinct tissue that is from the other fetus of twin. FIF is defined as a mass containing a vertebral axis often associated with other organs or limbs around this central axis.Case report: The patient was a two day old girl infant who due to a mass in a sacrum area measuring 8.5 x 12.5 cm with soft consistency containing a normal skin color fluid with blood streaks and hemorrhagic and bruise colored patches since birt, was admitted at the Taleghani children's Pediatric Center of Gorgan. The results of the mother's ultrasound in the fourth month of pregnancy had identified the cyst for the fetus. In the primary results of imaging, the first the diagnosis was type 2 sacrocoxigeal teratoma. However, results of post-birth graphy confirmed the presence of fetal bone structure in the infants's sacrum, so FIF was diagnosed for the infant.Conclusion: In the present study, FIF has been seen in sacrum, which is a very rare case in FIF

Exploring the Viewpoint and Experience of College Students About Living With Grandparents

Objectives The relationship between grandparents and grandchildren is an important and sensitive issue. Exploring grandchild&rsquo;s experiences can demonstrate and throw light on the relationship of two generations and form the basis of familial interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the viewpoint and experience of college students about living with their grandfathers and grandmothers. Methods & Materials In this qualitative study, 50 college students were selected via purposeful sampling method. The students were interviewed to find answers about their viewpoint and experience of living with grandparents. All the interviews were conducted in scripted form; Then the data were coded and analyzed with content analysis method. Results Content analysis showed dichotomy in sense of students about grandfathers and grandmothers. Two main themes were obtained &ldquo;kindness and compassion&rdquo; and &ldquo;annoyance and offense&rdquo;. Subthemes of &ldquo;kindness and compassion&rdquo; were &ldquo;spiritualty&rdquo;, &ldquo;patient,&rdquo; and &ldquo;unsparing love&rdquo;. Subthemes of &ldquo;annoyance and offense &ldquo;were &ldquo;familial prejudice,&rdquo; &ldquo;interfere in works,&rdquo; and &ldquo;gripe.&rdquo;&nbsp; Conclusion This experience was instructive for students. It was important that parents behave as the connecting path for this two generation and shape personality of this generation