On Local Congruence of Immersions in Homogeneous or Nonhomogeneous Spaces

We show how to find a complete set of necessary and sufficient conditions that solve the fixed-parameter local congruence problem of immersions in $G$-spaces, whether homogeneous or not, provided that a certain $k^{\rm th}$ order jet bundle over the $G$-space admits a $G$-invariant local coframe field of constant structure. As a corollary, we note that the differential order of a minimal complete set of congruence invariants is bounded by $k+1$. We demonstrate the method by rediscovering the speed and curvature invariants of Euclidean planar curves, the Schwarzian derivative of holomorphic immersions in the complex projective line, and equivalents of the first and second fundamental forms of surfaces in ${\mathbb R}^3$ subject to rotation

Brominated graphitized carbon fibers

Low cost, high break elongation graphitized carbon fibers having low degree of graphitization are inert to bromine at room or higher temperatures, but are brominated at -7 to 20 C, and then debrominated at ambient. Repetition of this bromination-debromination process can bring the bromine content to 18 percent. Electrical conductivity of the brominated fibers is three times of the before-bromination value

Graphite intercalation compound with iodine as the major intercalant

Halogenated CBr(sub x)I(sub y) (1 less than y/x less than 10) was made by exposing graphite materials with interplanar spacing in the 3.35 to 3.41 A range to either pure Br2 or an I2-Br2 mixture, and then to iodine vapor containing a small amount of Br2. The electrical resistivity of this product is from 3 to 6.5 times the pristine value. The presence of a small amount of isoprene rubber in the reaction significantly increased the iodine to bromine ratio in the product. In this reaction, rubber is known to generate HBr and to slowly remove bromine from the vapor. The halogenation generally caused a 22 to 25 percent weight increase. The halogens were found uniformly distributed in the product interior. However, although the surface contains very little iodine, it has high concentrations of bromine and oxygen. It is believed that the high concentrations of bromine and oxygen in this surface cause the halogenated fiber to be more resistant to fluorine attack during subsequent fluorination to fabricate graphite fluoride fibers

Heat conduction in graphene flakes with inhomogeneous mass interface

Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we study the heat conduction in graphene flakes composed by two regions. One region is mass-loaded and the other one is intact. It is found that the mass interface between the two regions greatly decreases the thermal conductivity, but it would not bring thermal rectification effect. The dependence of thermal conductivity upon the heat flux and the mass difference ratio are studied to confirm the generality of the result. The interfacial scattering of solitons is studied to explain the absence of rectification effect.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

40 GHz Monolithic Grid Amplifier

A 36-element monolithic grid amplifier has been fabricated. The peak gain is 4 dB at 40 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 800 MHz. We discuss the design and measurements for the monolithic grid amplifier. The grid includes base stabilizing capacitors which result in a highly stable grid. This is the first report of a successful monolithic grid amplifier

Reversible Data Hiding Using Prediction-based Adaptive Embedding

[[abstract]]In this paper, we propose a new algorithm in reversible data hiding with prediction-based scheme. Reversible data hiding can be implemented with two types, one is by modifying the histogram of images, named the histogram-based scheme, and the other is by changing the difference value between neighboring pixels, called the difference-expansion-based (DE-based) method. Considering the ease of implementation, we employ the histogram-based scheme as the base, integrated with the DE-based methods, which is famous for the abundance in embedding capacity, in our algorithm. For hiding the secret information, the differences between original and predicted images are produced firstly, and they are intentionally altered to make reversible data hiding possible. By utilizing the advantages from the two types of methods, by change of histograms of difference values, global and local characteristics of original images can be utilized for hiding more capacity with acceptable quality of output image. With our method, it performs better in embedding capacity, image quality, and side information than conventional algorithm in literature. It also has the potential for the integration to relating algorithms for practical applications.[[sponsorship]]Korea Information Processing Society (KIPS)[[incitationindex]]EI[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20121220~20121222[[booktype]]紙本[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Hong Kon