Étude de la capacité des sols de Nouvelle-Calédonie à permettre la survie des leptospires pathogènes

La leptospirose est une maladie bactérienne zoonotique dont l’incidence est élevée en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le mode de transmission principal se fait via l’environnement. Les eaux et sols constituent un réservoir des leptospires, permettant leur survie. Pour mieux comprendre ces mécanismes de survie, des microcosmes de sols sur 39 prélèvements ont été réalisés. La cinétique de survie des leptospires a été quantifiée et a montré des différences de survie entre les sols. Des analyses physico-chimiques sur 20 sols ont montré des corrélations positives entre la survie et les quantités de rubidium, zirconium et soufre dans les sols. Des corrélations négatives entre la survie et les quantités d’aluminium et de sables ont été montrées. Des tendances sont ressorties concernant le lien entre la survie des leptospires et un pH du sol neutre à légèrement alcalin. Enfin, 33% des sols échantillonnés présentaient des leptospires pathogènes présents naturellement, qui n’ont pas été identifiés

Le complexe macromoleculaire du recepteur GABA-A : etudes physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques par tomographie par emission de positions chez l'homme et chez le primate infra-humain

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Self-awareness and the medial temporal lobe in neurodegenerative diseases

International audienceAccurate self-awareness is essential for adapting one's behaviour to one's actual abilities, to avoid risky behaviour. Impaired self-awareness of deficits is common in neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies show an involvement of midline cortical areas in impaired self-awareness. Among the other brain regions implicated stand the medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures (i.e. hippocampus, amygdala, and temporopolar, entorhinal, perirhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortices). This review aims at evaluating the role of those structures in self-awareness in neurodegenerative diseases. To this aim, we briefly review impaired self-awareness in neurodegenerative diseases, give a neuroanatomical background on the MTL structures, and report those identified in neuroimaging studies on self-awareness. The MTL shows neuropathological, and structural or functional changes in patients who overestimate their abilities in the cognitive, socio-emotional or daily life activities domains. The structures implicated differ depending on the domain considered, suggesting a modality-specific involvement. The functional significance of the findings is discussed in view of the neuroanatomical networks of the MTL and in the context of theoretical models of self-awareness

Psychophysiologie

Bonnel A. M., Chavoix C. Psychophysiologie. In: L'année psychologique. 1985 vol. 85, n°3. pp. 457-459

Contribution à l'étude des kystes hydatiques de l'enfant dans la région du Sud-Ouest

Thèse : Médecine : Université de Bordeaux : 1913N° d'ordre : 8

Rôle des troubles cognitifs dans les chutes avec fracture

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Working Party on Financial Statistics: Proceedings of the Workshop on Securitisation

This Statistics Working Paper includes the documents that were presented during the various sessions of the Workshop on Securitisation, held in Madrid on 27-28 May 2010, as well as summaries at the beginning of each section. The Workshop brought together regular members of the Working Party on Financial Statistics (WPFS), statisticians, analysts, supervisors, experts from accounting standard-setting institutions and from International Organisations, and representatives from the industry and from international associations. It aimed at exchanging views so as to better understand securitisation from various angles and to help improve the completeness and the usefulness of future statistics... Ce document de travail statistique inclut les papiers qui ont été présentés lors des différentes sessions de l'Atelier sur la Titrisation, qui s'est tenu à Madrid les 27-28 mai 2010, ainsi que des résumés pour chacune des parties. L'atelier a réuni les membres réguliers du Groupe de Travail sur les Statistiques Financières (WPFS), des statisticiens, des analystes, des superviseurs, des experts des institutions de normalisation comptable et des organisations internationales et des représentants de l'industrie et d’associations internationales. Il avait pour but d’échanger des points de vue afin de mieux comprendre la titrisation sous des angles différents et d'améliorer l'exhaustivité et l'utilité des statistiques futures...

Relationship between Walking and Driving, and Cognitive Functioning Common to Both Modes of Mobility, in Healthy Older Adults

International audienceIntroduction: Driving and walking, the two main modes of mobility, require numerous common skills in the motor, sensory, and cognitive domains that deteriorate with age. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between walking and driving in healthy older drivers and to determine whether certain cognitive processes are involved in both modes of mobility. Method: Seventy-six older drivers from the Safe Move cohort were assessed in the following three domains: (1) cognition, using parts A and B of the Trail Making Test (TMT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), the Stroop test, and the Digit span; (2) gait, using a dual-task (DT) paradigm with a counting task; and (3) driving, assessed via a 40–50 min on-road test. Analyses were also performed on 2 subgroups: young-old (70–74 years old; n = 43) and old-old (≥75 years; n = 33). Results: Four significant correlations were found across the whole sample between gait performance under DT conditions and driving scores. One correlation was also found in old-old adults. None were found in young-old adults. Furthermore, several cognitive measures were significantly correlated to both modes of mobility: TMT-A and B completion time in the whole sample, and DSST performance in the whole sample and old-old adults. Discussion/Conclusion: Walking in complex conditions and on-road driving performance are closely related in healthy older drivers. Visuospatial attention, processing speed, and executive function are crucial and common cognitive processes to both modes of mobility in this population. Impairment in these cognitive functions should thus alert health professionals as it can quickly lead to mobility disorders, loss of autonomy and social isolation. Developing specific preventive programs and mobility support systems for healthy older adults is also crucial

Beneficial effects of vitamin D on falls and fractures: is cognition rather than bone or muscle behind these benefits?

International audienc

Functioning of the three attentional networks and vigilance in primary insomnia

International audienceBackgroundResults from cognitive measures in primary insomnia (PI) patients are not consistent with the difficulties in performing daily living tasks of which these patients complain about. Lack of sensitivity of the tests and the data concerning some cognitive functions may explain this discordance. The aim of the present investigation was to better characterize cognitive deficits of PI patients in order to further understand their cognitive complaints. We looked at attentional and executive function because of their high involvement in daily living tasks.MethodsA total of 21 PI patients and 16 good sleepers completed the Attentional Network Test (ANT). We only included untreated PI patients since sleep medication could be a confounding factor when assessing cognition.ResultsWhile PI patients, compared to good sleepers, were found to have a longer overall reaction time (RT) and perform more slowly in the incongruent flanker condition (ie, conflict situation) than in the congruent condition, no group effects were observed for the variables representing the three attentional networks (ie, alerting, orienting, and executive functions).ConclusionsThe present study revealed a conflict resolution deficit in untreated PI patients. This impairment may be linked to the prefrontal alterations reported in neuroimaging studies in these patients. Patients had also an impaired vigilance compared to good sleepers, likely due to the high cognitive load of the ANT. These results would serve to explain the complaints of PI patients about difficulties performing daily living tasks that are demanding and of long duration