4 research outputs found
Protocoles de support IPv6 pour rƩseaux de capteurs sur courant porteur en ligne
This thesis demonstrate the relevance of Powerline Communication (PLC) usage for sensor networks applications. We focus in particular on the low power and low data rate PLC technol- ogy "Watt Pulse Communication" (WPC) developed by the Watteco company and justify its usage for sensor network applications. We situate the WPC technology in the PLC landscape and define compatible protocols. We then describe the WPC module and the PLC media im- plementation in the COOJA network simulator. This allows us to propose a network solution over this technology, leveraging on the adaptation of the 802.15.4 standard over the WPC tech- nology. We then demonstrate the benefit of media convergence at the network layer level, with the use of the IPv6 standard that we adapted over our PLC solution thanks to the 6LoWPAN protocol. We justify the usage of standards protocols over our PLC solution and show that a routing solutions must be developed over WPC. We show through experiments that our PLC solution match low power and lossy network (LLNs) criterions for which the RPL standard pro- tocol has been designed. We justify the usage of this routing protocol over our PLC solution, and validate its implementation through 2 experiments conducted in tertiary types buildings. Respectively composed of 7 and 26 PLC nodes, results show that the routing topology created by RPL enable the coverage an entire floor of a tertiary building with a tree based topology and 3 hops maximum path length. We also show that the WPC technology exhibits a high connectivity between nodes and that the link quality is highly dynamic. Though, we observed that the routing topology was able to handle these variations. We point out the limitations of our PLC solution, which presents high delays and low throughput, creating high constraints on applications. Our sensor network solution over PLC relies on the IP standard, enabling packets exchanges with other technologies using the same protocol. In particular, we study the possi- bility to create heterogeneous networks mixing the WPC technology with 802.15.4 radio. We show that our protocol stack used over PLC enable to create this type of network, in order to benefit from the best of these 2 worlds. We purpose an architecture of a hybrid Radio / PLC node enabling to transfer packets between these 2 media. Then, we show that the combined usage of these 2 media increase the number of available paths and facilitate the routing, while diminishing the number of hops and possible unreachability of nodes. We then demonstrate that the addition of PLC and Radio/PLC nodes in a RF based battery powered sensor network enable to relieve their routing charge in order to expand their lifetime. We then continue the energy study with a power consumption optimization of a wireless sensor network platform from the hardware and software standpoint. We first determine the operating frequency, the wake up frequency and the mode of operation of the micro controller offering the lowest power consump- tion. We then conduct an energy study of 4 different radio transceivers using the 2.4 GHz and 868 MHz frequency band, in order to determine the most efficient architecture. We determine the protocols parameters and the software optimization to reach the lower power consumption of this architecture. Finally, we realize the energy study of several probes than can be embedded on the node, according to their nature and functioning mode. Our final architecture exhibits a total power consumption that is lower than 17 Ī¼W, with an applicative reporting each 10 minutes and the maintenance of the reachability with the network. We also mention in annex parts our implication in standards developments organizations such as the IETF a the IPSO alliance, that allow us to validate the implementation of our solution through interoperability events.Cette theĢse deĢmontre la pertinence de lāutilisation du Courant Porteur en Ligne (CPL) pour des applications de reĢseaux de capteurs. Nous nous focalisons sur la technologie basse consomma- tion et bas deĢbit "WPC" deĢveloppeĢe par la socieĢteĢ Watteco et nous montrons que son utilisation est justifieĢe pour des applications de reĢseaux de capteurs. Nous situons la solution WPC dans le paysage du CPL et deĢterminons les protocoles compatibles. Nous deĢcrivons ensuite lāimpleĢ- mentation du module WPC et du meĢdia CPL dans le simulateur de reĢseau COOJA afin de proposer une solution reĢseau reposant sur lāadaptation du standard 802.15.4 sur la technologie WPC. Nous deĢmontrons ensuite lāinteĢreĢt de la convergence des meĢdias au niveau reĢseau par lāutilisation du standard IPv6, que nous adaptons sur notre solution CPL graĢce au protocole 6LoWPAN. Nous justifions lāutilisation des protocoles standards de lāIETF sur notre solution CPL et nous montrons quāune solution de routage sur CPL doit eĢtre deĢveloppeĢe. Nous montrons par des expeĢrimentations que notre solution CPL correspond aux criteĢres des reĢseaux basse puis- sance et supportant les pertes de transmissions (LLNs) pour lesquels le protocole standard RPL a eĢteĢ concĢ§u. Nous justifions lāutilisation de ce protocole sur CPL, et validons son impleĢmenta- tion dans le cadre de 2 expeĢrimentations. FormeĢes respectivement de 7 puis 26 noeuds CPL, les reĢsultats montrent que le routage creĢeĢ par RPL permet de couvrir un eĢtage dāun baĢtiment avec une topologie de type arbre et une profondeur de 3 sauts maximum. Nous montrons eĢgalement que la technologie WPC permet une connectiviteĢ importante entre les noeuds du reĢseau et que la qualiteĢ des liens est fortement dynamique, mais que le routage permet de sāadapter aĢ ces variations. Nous pointons eĢgalement les limites de notre solution CPL qui preĢsente des deĢlais importants et des deĢbits faibles, geĢneĢrant de contraintes fortes sur les applications. Notre solu- tion de reĢseau de capteur sur CPL repose sur le standard IP, permettant des eĢchanges de paquets avec dāautres technologies. Nous eĢtudions ainsi la possibiliteĢ de creĢer des reĢseaux heĢteĢrogeĢnes meĢlangeant la technologie WPC et radio 802.15.4. Nous montrons que notre pile protocolaire permet la creĢation de ce type de reĢseau, afin de profiter du meilleur des 2 mondes. Nous deĢcri- vons ainsi lāarchitecture dāun noeud hybride Radio FreĢquence (RF) / CPL permettant de faire transiter les paquets entre ces 2 meĢdias. Nous montrons ensuite que lāutilisation combineĢe de ces 2 meĢdias augmente le nombre de chemins disponibles et permet de faciliter le routage, en diminuant le nombre de sauts et le risque que certains noeuds du reĢseau soient inaccessibles. Nous deĢmontrons ensuite que lāinjection de noeuds CPL et RF/CPL dans un reĢseau formeĢ de noeuds RF sur batterie permet de les deĢlester de leur charge de routage afin de prolonger leur dureĢe de vie. Nous preĢsentons ensuite une optimisation eĢnergeĢtique mateĢrielle et logicielle dāun noeud radio. Nous deĢterminons les parameĢtres des protocoles et les optimisations logicielles per- mettant de tirer au mieux partie de cette architecture et nous reĢalisons lāeĢtude eĢnergeĢtique de la sonde embarqueĢe sur le noeud. Au final, notre architecture preĢsente une consommation totale infeĢrieure aĢ 17 Ī¼W. Nous indiquons dans les annexes nos implications dans les organismes de standardisation qui ont permis de valider lāimpleĢmentation
IPv6 protocols for powerline communication sensor network
Cette theĢse deĢmontre la pertinence de lāutilisation du Courant Porteur en Ligne (CPL) pour des applications de reĢseaux de capteurs. Nous nous focalisons sur la technologie basse consomma- tion et bas deĢbit "WPC" deĢveloppeĢe par la socieĢteĢ Watteco et nous montrons que son utilisation est justifieĢe pour des applications de reĢseaux de capteurs. Nous situons la solution WPC dans le paysage du CPL et deĢterminons les protocoles compatibles. Nous deĢcrivons ensuite lāimpleĢ- mentation du module WPC et du meĢdia CPL dans le simulateur de reĢseau COOJA afin de proposer une solution reĢseau reposant sur lāadaptation du standard 802.15.4 sur la technologie WPC. Nous deĢmontrons ensuite lāinteĢreĢt de la convergence des meĢdias au niveau reĢseau par lāutilisation du standard IPv6, que nous adaptons sur notre solution CPL graĢce au protocole 6LoWPAN. Nous justifions lāutilisation des protocoles standards de lāIETF sur notre solution CPL et nous montrons quāune solution de routage sur CPL doit eĢtre deĢveloppeĢe. Nous montrons par des expeĢrimentations que notre solution CPL correspond aux criteĢres des reĢseaux basse puis- sance et supportant les pertes de transmissions (LLNs) pour lesquels le protocole standard RPL a eĢteĢ concĢ§u. Nous justifions lāutilisation de ce protocole sur CPL, et validons son impleĢmenta- tion dans le cadre de 2 expeĢrimentations. FormeĢes respectivement de 7 puis 26 noeuds CPL, les reĢsultats montrent que le routage creĢeĢ par RPL permet de couvrir un eĢtage dāun baĢtiment avec une topologie de type arbre et une profondeur de 3 sauts maximum. Nous montrons eĢgalement que la technologie WPC permet une connectiviteĢ importante entre les noeuds du reĢseau et que la qualiteĢ des liens est fortement dynamique, mais que le routage permet de sāadapter aĢ ces variations. Nous pointons eĢgalement les limites de notre solution CPL qui preĢsente des deĢlais importants et des deĢbits faibles, geĢneĢrant de contraintes fortes sur les applications. Notre solu- tion de reĢseau de capteur sur CPL repose sur le standard IP, permettant des eĢchanges de paquets avec dāautres technologies. Nous eĢtudions ainsi la possibiliteĢ de creĢer des reĢseaux heĢteĢrogeĢnes meĢlangeant la technologie WPC et radio 802.15.4. Nous montrons que notre pile protocolaire permet la creĢation de ce type de reĢseau, afin de profiter du meilleur des 2 mondes. Nous deĢcri- vons ainsi lāarchitecture dāun noeud hybride Radio FreĢquence (RF) / CPL permettant de faire transiter les paquets entre ces 2 meĢdias. Nous montrons ensuite que lāutilisation combineĢe de ces 2 meĢdias augmente le nombre de chemins disponibles et permet de faciliter le routage, en diminuant le nombre de sauts et le risque que certains noeuds du reĢseau soient inaccessibles. Nous deĢmontrons ensuite que lāinjection de noeuds CPL et RF/CPL dans un reĢseau formeĢ de noeuds RF sur batterie permet de les deĢlester de leur charge de routage afin de prolonger leur dureĢe de vie. Nous preĢsentons ensuite une optimisation eĢnergeĢtique mateĢrielle et logicielle dāun noeud radio. Nous deĢterminons les parameĢtres des protocoles et les optimisations logicielles per- mettant de tirer au mieux partie de cette architecture et nous reĢalisons lāeĢtude eĢnergeĢtique de la sonde embarqueĢe sur le noeud. Au final, notre architecture preĢsente une consommation totale infeĢrieure aĢ 17 Ī¼W. Nous indiquons dans les annexes nos implications dans les organismes de standardisation qui ont permis de valider lāimpleĢmentation.This thesis demonstrate the relevance of Powerline Communication (PLC) usage for sensor networks applications. We focus in particular on the low power and low data rate PLC technol- ogy "Watt Pulse Communication" (WPC) developed by the Watteco company and justify its usage for sensor network applications. We situate the WPC technology in the PLC landscape and define compatible protocols. We then describe the WPC module and the PLC media im- plementation in the COOJA network simulator. This allows us to propose a network solution over this technology, leveraging on the adaptation of the 802.15.4 standard over the WPC tech- nology. We then demonstrate the benefit of media convergence at the network layer level, with the use of the IPv6 standard that we adapted over our PLC solution thanks to the 6LoWPAN protocol. We justify the usage of standards protocols over our PLC solution and show that a routing solutions must be developed over WPC. We show through experiments that our PLC solution match low power and lossy network (LLNs) criterions for which the RPL standard pro- tocol has been designed. We justify the usage of this routing protocol over our PLC solution, and validate its implementation through 2 experiments conducted in tertiary types buildings. Respectively composed of 7 and 26 PLC nodes, results show that the routing topology created by RPL enable the coverage an entire floor of a tertiary building with a tree based topology and 3 hops maximum path length. We also show that the WPC technology exhibits a high connectivity between nodes and that the link quality is highly dynamic. Though, we observed that the routing topology was able to handle these variations. We point out the limitations of our PLC solution, which presents high delays and low throughput, creating high constraints on applications. Our sensor network solution over PLC relies on the IP standard, enabling packets exchanges with other technologies using the same protocol. In particular, we study the possi- bility to create heterogeneous networks mixing the WPC technology with 802.15.4 radio. We show that our protocol stack used over PLC enable to create this type of network, in order to benefit from the best of these 2 worlds. We purpose an architecture of a hybrid Radio / PLC node enabling to transfer packets between these 2 media. Then, we show that the combined usage of these 2 media increase the number of available paths and facilitate the routing, while diminishing the number of hops and possible unreachability of nodes. We then demonstrate that the addition of PLC and Radio/PLC nodes in a RF based battery powered sensor network enable to relieve their routing charge in order to expand their lifetime. We then continue the energy study with a power consumption optimization of a wireless sensor network platform from the hardware and software standpoint. We first determine the operating frequency, the wake up frequency and the mode of operation of the micro controller offering the lowest power consump- tion. We then conduct an energy study of 4 different radio transceivers using the 2.4 GHz and 868 MHz frequency band, in order to determine the most efficient architecture. We determine the protocols parameters and the software optimization to reach the lower power consumption of this architecture. Finally, we realize the energy study of several probes than can be embedded on the node, according to their nature and functioning mode. Our final architecture exhibits a total power consumption that is lower than 17 Ī¼W, with an applicative reporting each 10 minutes and the maintenance of the reachability with the network. We also mention in annex parts our implication in standards developments organizations such as the IETF a the IPSO alliance, that allow us to validate the implementation of our solution through interoperability events
Standardization Challenges, Opportunities and Recent Evolutions for the G3-PLC Technology
Considering the intrinsic benefits of power line communications, the long-lasting lifetime of industrial systems and the growth of IoT, PLC technologies will be part of the worldwide industrial landscape for many decades. This paper discusses the history of the G3-PLC technology and current challenges and opportunities identified in real systems. Finally, it introduces recent evolutions within the G3-PLC standard, which bring additional performance and versatility, enhancing the relevance of G3-PLC as a complementary technology to other telecommunication systems in a 5G-driven telecommunication technology landscape