FUNTIMES – Future Navigation and Timing Evolved Signals

International audienceThe European Galileo system moves clear steps forward towards the completion of its space and ground segment infrastructures, after starting providing early services in 2016 and with the plan to achieve the full operational capability (FOC) in 2020. Also the user segment is rapidly expanding, with the increasing introduction of mass market chipsets fully supporting Galileo in a constantly growing number of smartphones. In this context a strong need for R&D activities in the field of navigation signal engineering has been identified by various Programme's stakeholders. Considering the long process required for introducing new signals and features in a system that is already deployed and finds itself in the exploitation phase, early R&D activities become essential to investigate potential evolutions and new concepts to improve the Galileo signals and services in the short, medium and long term. The Future Navigation and Timing Evolved Signals (FUNTIMES) project is a European GNSS mission evolution study funded by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Framework for Research and Development. It aims at identifying, studying and recommending mission evolution directions and at preliminary supporting the definition, design and implementation of the future generation of Galileo signals. The project is led by Airbus Defence and Space as prime contractor, supported by Ecole Nationale de l‘Aviation Civile (ENAC) and Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (ISMB) as subcontractors and was run under the supervision of the European Commission and its Joint Research Centre. The research activities were conducted according to the following high level evolution directions: - Improve the Galileo OS reliability by providing an enhanced authentication service based on both navigation message authentication and spreading code authentication, in such a way that the two solutions can take advantage of their combination. - Improve the sensitivity and/or reduce the complexity of the acquisition of the Galileo OS signals, e.g. by studying the potential introduction of a new signal component for this purpose. - Make use of new concepts and techniques for the delivery of the data messages, to improve the time-to-data performance and robustness. - Consider options for providing an effective high data rate component suitable for satellite navigation purposes, e.g. in view of a possible evolution of the signals providing the Galileo Commercial Service. The project started by defining the key elements characterizing GNSS signals, describing the current signal plans of the major global and regional satellite systems and carrying out a literature survey on the various proposals for the evolution and optimization of navigation signals. A key role in the project was then played by a specific task on the definition of signal user requirements, which, besides providing by themselves an added-value to the project outcomes, were taken into account to select and consolidate the R&D topics defined at the beginning of the study. For what concerns the core navigation signal R&D activity, various solutions belonging to the following areas were considered: new and evolved modulations and multiplexing techniques, new concepts and techniques for the data message, solutions providing services with higher reliability, solutions for improved navigation performance. In the followings, some highlights about the main project tasks are provided. *Adding New Signal Components to Galileo E1 OS* Due to backward compatibility constraints, the Galileo legacy signals defined in the current SIS-ICD do not offer much space for further modifications. The possibility to add new signal components to the Galileo E1 signal was investigated with the goals of providing a fast and reliable authentication service and better acquisition performance while keeping the complexity of the acquisition process low. Various options were investigated, considering new components centered at E1 or ones presenting a carrier offset. The options were studied in terms of ranging performance, compatibility with other signals in E1/L1, multiplexing efficiency and backward compatibility. The outcome of this task was then combined with the other solutions investigated during the project and briefly introduced in the followings. *Signal User Requirements Survey* This task aimed at identifying and understanding the current and future needs of various GNSS user groups in order to derive requirements and evolution directions for the Galileo signals. The work logic followed was based on a 3-step approach: - Definition of the user communities - Analysis of available documentation and state-of-the-art for each user communities to extract high level and, if possible, low level requirements - Consultation of representative of the various user communities by means of questionnaire on signal user requirements. The considered user communities are representative of 7 classes of users: - Traditional Safety-of-Life Applications (Navigation of Civil Aviation aircrafts, Train Control) - Automotive Location-Based Charging (LBC) and Vehicle Motion Sensing (VMS) - Mobile Location-Based Services (LBS) - Surveying - Timing and Synchronization - Search and Rescue - Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). As mentioned above, the consortium prepared a questionnaire which was distributed to companies and organizations representative of various GNSS user communities. After collecting the answers, personal interviews were conducted to deepen the outcomes of the survey and collect more details about their expectations. From the received answers, the following points were considered particularly relevant for the identification/consolidation of signal evolution directions: - The need for integrity and authentication is present also in non-safety of life applications (e.g. precise positioning) - Very wide-spread need for fast authenticated PVT (fast data and pseudo-range authentication) - Interest in fast Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) Data, or in other words, fast provision of the Clock error corrections and satellites Ephemeris Data (CED). - Need for precise clock and orbit data, freely accessible through the navigation message transmitted through conventional signals (at L1/E1 or L5/E5) - Importance of stand-alone operation mode despite the increasing number of connected users (network connection still judged not reliable enough). - Need for multipath/NLOS resistant signals - Need for RFI resistant signals - Interest for an alert/emergency service. *Reed-Solomon Codes for the Improvement of the I/NAV Message* Despite the growing number of connected user devices, the reception of the clock and ephemeris data (CED) is still a major factor impacting the TTFF. The current approach for the dissemination of these data can be defined as "data carouseling": the data are repeatedly sent to the users with a certain repetition rate. For example the repetition rate of the CED contained in the Galileo E1 OS message is equal to 1 every 30 s. A different approach is offered by Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) codes like Reed-Solomon codes, whose erasure correction capability allows to retrieve the entire information contained in k data blocks from any combination of k received blocks of the codeword. During the project, the performance of Reed-Solomon codes when applied to the Galileo I/NAV message as proposed in [1] were studied, in terms of Time-to-Data, with extensive simulations in the AWGN and mobile channel. The results were then compared with the legacy implementation and with the performance of the GPS L1C signal and showed a very significant improvement, with a reduction of the Galileo E1 OS TTFF by up to 50% in difficult urban environments. Also received processing scheme and complexity aspects were taken into account in the work. *Spreading Code Authentication Techniques* The increasing awareness concerning the vulnerability of GNSS signals to potential spoofing attacks suggested to dedicate an important part of the project R&D activities to investigating new concepts and ideas to improve the reliability of the provided PNT service. This need was also confirmed by the conducted user requirements survey. The investigation of possible authentication techniques has been carried out on the basis of both quantitative results and qualitative analyses, considering a set of criteria useful to weight the overall performance of different options in realistic scenarios. The methodology used to trade-off different options took into account four main criteria: - the authentication performance, aiming to assess the techniques mainly in terms of Time Between Authentications (TBA) and Time To Alarm (TTA) metrics; - the spoofing robustness, that measures the level of resilience to different specific spoofing attacks; - the implementation readiness, that assesses the level of complexity required both at the system and receiver levels and the backward compatibility; - the legacy signal valorization, with the objective to assess the level of reuse and valorization of today’s signal and messages structures, e.g. considering the current Galileo plans to provide navigation message authentication for his Open Service. When considering authentication solutions, it is important not to focus only on the benefits of future participant users, i.e., those able to exploit the features of the authenticated signals, but also to take into account the possible impact on the existing satellites, ground segment, and other receivers (i.e. non-participant users). Therefore the activities included the assessment of the impact of authentication schemes on user receivers. In detail, the analysis covered the possible degradation of the performance of non-participant users, in terms of C/N0 degradation and impact on acquisition and tracking, and the evaluation of the performance of participant users in relation with the authentication technique parameters. In addition, a novel high-level concept for spreading code authentication, based on the idea of reusing the E1-B OS NMA data, was investigated. The proposed concept, already anticipated in [2], foresees the use of two types of SCA bursts, inserted in the open Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) code sequence at different rates: - “Slow rate” SCA bursts, which are intended for a robust a-posteriori verification with moderate latency (i.e., TBA of about 10 seconds); - “Fast rate” SCA bursts, potentially suitable to improve the authentication performance (e.g. TBA of about 2 seconds) under a wide set of spoofing attacks. The proposed solution can potentially exploit the information received from all the in-view satellites by means of a two-steps authentication procedure. *CSK Modulation and Channel Codes for a High Data Rate Component* The Code Shift Keying (CSK) modulation is an orthogonal M-ary modulation (M orthogonal symbols are used in order to transmit U =log_2?(M) bits) which was specially designed to increase the bandwidth efficiency of a DS-SS signal, i.e. the bit rate to signal bandwidth ratio, without affecting the PRN code structure. The usage of CSK for the improvement of GNSS data delivery was already investigated in the past (e.g. in [3]). Within the FUNTIMES project the main scope of this task was to prove the expected benefits of this technique by applying it to a number of signal design options, considering various data rates, power distributions between data and pilot components and demodulation strategies at the receiver. The first advantage of CSK is the possibility to increase the bit rate of a DS-SS signal without increasing the PRN code number of bits and without increasing the signal chip rate (and thus signal bandwidth). The increased data rate could be used to increase the number of services provided by the signal and/or to improve the services already available, e.g. by sending correction data. The second benefit is enhanced flexibility of the signal bit rate as the CSK modulation allows to change the number of symbols of the modulation alphabet from one codeword to another one. This allows the GNSS signal to provide more robustness to fundamental data and less robustness to less relevant or optional data since the bit rate is directly relate to the demodulation sensitivity. The third major benefit of a CSK modulation is the possibility of implementing a non-coherent demodulation process that does not require the estimation of the incoming signal carrier phase. Therefore, when in degraded environments and/or for high dynamic users, the PLL cannot be in lock for a certain time, the GNSS receiver could still be able to demodulate the data signal. The results obtained in terms of signal availability and reduced Time-to-First-Fix are very promising and bring a significant improvement when compared with the data delivery performance of today's navigation signals. For what concerns the study of channel codes that could be best suited for high data rate transmission and, especially, in combination with a CSK scheme, the investigation focused on LDPC codes with a bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM/BCIM-ID). As Galileo transmits a navigation signal intended to deliver value-added data in a significant amount (high accuracy service through the E6-B signal), it was decided to study a potential application of the studied CSK schemes to a similar use case. From the results obtained, depending on the C/N0 value considered, an increase of the information bit rate from the current 500 bps up to 5000 bps can be feasible, while still reaching a WER equal to 10-3 for a signal component C/N0 equal to 37 dB-Hz. The project allowed to study new elements in the field of GNSS signal engineering and to consolidate solutions that were already investigated in the recent literature, paving the way to the evolution of the Galileo signal plan but also offering elements and ideas that can be adopted by any other GNSS. The variety of solutions proposed presents different levels of maturity. In some cases the solutions are ready to be implemented in the currently deployed systems, while in other cases they would require a corresponding evolution of the space and ground segments. Where deemed necessary, specific recommendations for future R&D work in the areas studied in the project were provided

Study of Widely Linear Receivers for FBMC-OQAM modulations

Au cours des vingt dernières années, le débit croissant des communications radiofréquences a imposé la mise en œuvre de techniques d'égalisation de plus en plus complexes. Pour résoudre ce problème, les modulations multi-porteuses ont été massivement employées dans les standards de communications à très haut débit. Un exemple caractéristique de la démocratisation de ces formes d'ondes est l'utilisation de l'OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) sur le lien descendant des réseaux 4G. Toutefois, pour les futurs réseaux 5G, l'émergence prévue des communications M2M (Machine-to-Machine) impose aux formes d'ondes une grande tolérance aux asynchronismes au sein de ces réseaux et ne permet pas l'emploi de l'OFDM qui nécessite une synchronisation stricte en temps et en fréquence. Egalement, l'utilisation efficace du spectre par les techniques de la radio cognitive est incompatible avec l'OFDM en raison de la mauvaise localisation en fréquence de cette forme d'onde.Dans ce contexte, la forme d'onde FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier - Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) est apparue comme une solution potentielle à ces problèmes. Toutefois, l'égalisation des signaux FBMC-OQAM en canal sélectif en fréquence et/ou canal MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) est rendue difficile par la subsistance d'interférences entre les sous-porteuses du schéma FBMC-OQAM. Cette thèse étudie donc l'égalisation de ces liaisons. L'étude de récepteurs WL (Widely Linear) qui permettent la suppression d'interférences, sans diversité d'antenne en réception, au sein des réseaux utilisant des signaux noncirculaires au second ordre (e.g. signaux ASK, GMSK, OQAM) est privilégiée. Cette technique nommée SAIC (Single Antenna Interference Cancellation) et utilisée dans les réseaux GSM pour la suppression d'interférences co-canal est envisagée pour une extension à la suppression des interférences entre porteuses des formes d'ondes FBMC-OQAM. La technologie SAIC, qui a été étendue pour plusieurs antennes en réception (MAIC - Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) a l'avantage de sa faible complexité et ne génère pas de propagation d'erreur à faible SNR contrairement aux solutions de suppression successive d'interférences. Une approche progressive est adoptée, depuis l'élaboration du SAIC pour la suppression d'interférences co-canal où nous démontrons l'importance de considérer le caractère cyclostationnaire des signaux OQAM. Basée sur cette constatation, une nouvelle structure de réception utilisant un filtre WL-FRESH (FREquency-SHift) est proposée et ses meilleures performances comparé au récepteur WL standard sont présentées analytiquement et par simulations numériques. L'extension du SAIC pour la suppression d'une interférence décalée en fréquence est ensuite menée et différentes structures de réception sont proposées et analysées en détail. L'aptitude des traitements SAIC utilisant des filtres WL-FRESH à supprimer 2 interférences décalées en fréquence est présentée. Dans le contexte des signaux FBMC-OQAM qui utilisent généralement le filtre de mise en forme PHYDYAS, chaque sous-porteuse est polluée par ses deux sous-porteuses adjacentes. Cependant, pour évaluer les traitements SAIC sans devoir prendre en compte la contribution des sous-porteuses voisines à ces sous-porteuses adjacentes, un filtre doit précéder le traitement de réception. Pour cette raison, l'analyse de l'impact d'un filtre de réception sur les performances des traitements SAIC proposés est effectuée et les conditions sur la bande passante du filtre nécessaires pour justifier l'intérêt d'un traitement SAIC par filtrage WL sont présentées. Dans un dernier temps, une approche alternative d'égalisation des signaux FBMC-OQAM est présentée. Elle consiste à démoduler conjointement les sous-porteuses interférentes après filtrage. Cette technique est abordée dans le contexte de liaisons MIMO Alamouti FBMC-OQAM.During the last two decades, the increase of wireless communications throughput has necessitated more and more complex equalization techniques. To solve this issue, multicarrier modulations have been massively adopted in high data rates wireless communications standards. A typical example of the wide use of these waveforms is the adoption of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for the downlink of 4G mobile networks. However, for next-generation 5G networks, the expected increase of M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications forbids the use of OFDM because of the tight time and frequency synchronization constraints imposed by this waveform. Additionally, efficient spectrum occupation through cognitive radio strategies are incompatible with the poor spectral localization of OFDM. In this context, FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier - Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) waveforms appeared as a potential solution to these issues. However, equalization of FBMC-OQAM in frequency selective channels and/or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) channels is not straightforward because of residual intrinsic interferences between FBMC-OQAM subcarriers. Thus, this thesis considers equalization techniques for these links. In particular, the study of WL (Widely Linear) receivers allowing the mitigation of interferences, with only a single antenna, among networks using second-order noncircular waveforms (e.g. ASK, GMSK, OQAM signals) is privileged. This work studied this technique, named SAIC (Single Antenna Interference Cancellation) and applied for the suppression of co-channel interferences in GSM networks in order to adapt it for the cancellation of FBMC-OQAM intercarrier interferences. SAIC, which was further extended to multiple receive antennas (MAIC - Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) benefits from its low complexity and does not generate error propagation at low SNR contrary to successive interference cancellation based solutions. A progressive approach is adopted, from SAIC/MAIC for the suppression of co-channel interferences where we emphasize the importance of considering the cyclostationary nature of OQAM communication signals. Based on this, the proposal of a new WL-FRESH (FREquency-SHift) filter based receiver for OQAM-like signals is made and its performance is characterized analytically and by numerical simulations asserting its superior performance with respect to the standard WL receiver. The extension of SAIC/MAIC for the mitigation of a frequency-shifted interference is then considered and reception structures are proposed and analyzed in detail. The ability of WL-FRESH filter based SAIC receivers to perform the suppression of multiple frequency-shifted interferences is assessed. In the context of FBMC-OQAM signals which frequently utilize the PHYDYAS pulse-shaping prototype filter, each subcarrier is polluted only by its adjacent subcarriers. However, to evaluate SAIC processing without having to consider neighboring subcarriers of the adjacent ones, a filtering operation prior to the SAIC processing is needed. For this reason, the impact of a reception filter on the performance gain provided by the SAIC processing was conducted and conditions on the filter bandwidth have been established which governs the potential performance gain of a WL filter based processing for SAIC of frequency-shifted interferences.In a last step, an alternative equalization approach for FBMC-OQAM is investigated. This proposed technique consists in the per-subcarrier joint demodulation of the subcarrier of interest and its interfering adjacent ones after a filtering step. This proposal is considered in the context of MIMO Alamouti FBMC-OQAM links

Etude de liaisons SISO, SIMO, MISO et MIMO à base de formes d'ondes FBMC-OQAM et de récepteurs Widely Linear

During the last two decades, the increase of wireless communications throughput has necessitated more and more complex equalization techniques. To solve this issue, multicarrier modulations have been massively adopted in high data rates wireless communications standards. A typical example of the wide use of these waveforms is the adoption of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for the downlink of 4G mobile networks. However, for next-generation 5G networks, the expected increase of M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications forbids the use of OFDM because of the tight time and frequency synchronization constraints imposed by this waveform. Additionally, efficient spectrum occupation through cognitive radio strategies are incompatible with the poor spectral localization of OFDM. In this context, FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier - Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) waveforms appeared as a potential solution to these issues. However, equalization of FBMC-OQAM in frequency selective channels and/or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) channels is not straightforward because of residual intrinsic interferences between FBMC-OQAM subcarriers. Thus, this thesis considers equalization techniques for these links. In particular, the study of WL (Widely Linear) receivers allowing the mitigation of interferences, with only a single antenna, among networks using second-order noncircular waveforms (e.g. ASK, GMSK, OQAM signals) is privileged. This work studied this technique, named SAIC (Single Antenna Interference Cancellation) and applied for the suppression of co-channel interferences in GSM networks in order to adapt it for the cancellation of FBMC-OQAM intercarrier interferences. SAIC, which was further extended to multiple receive antennas (MAIC - Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) benefits from its low complexity and does not generate error propagation at low SNR contrary to successive interference cancellation based solutions. A progressive approach is adopted, from SAIC/MAIC for the suppression of co-channel interferences where we emphasize the importance of considering the cyclostationary nature of OQAM communication signals. Based on this, the proposal of a new WL-FRESH (FREquency-SHift) filter based receiver for OQAM-like signals is made and its performance is characterized analytically and by numerical simulations asserting its superior performance with respect to the standard WL receiver. The extension of SAIC/MAIC for the mitigation of a frequency-shifted interference is then considered and reception structures are proposed and analyzed in detail. The ability of WL-FRESH filter based SAIC receivers to perform the suppression of multiple frequency-shifted interferences is assessed. In the context of FBMC-OQAM signals which frequently utilize the PHYDYAS pulse-shaping prototype filter, each subcarrier is polluted only by its adjacent subcarriers. However, to evaluate SAIC processing without having to consider neighboring subcarriers of the adjacent ones, a filtering operation prior to the SAIC processing is needed. For this reason, the impact of a reception filter on the performance gain provided by the SAIC processing was conducted and conditions on the filter bandwidth have been established which governs the potential performance gain of a WL filter based processing for SAIC of frequency-shifted interferences.In a last step, an alternative equalization approach for FBMC-OQAM is investigated. This proposed technique consists in the per-subcarrier joint demodulation of the subcarrier of interest and its interfering adjacent ones after a filtering step. This proposal is considered in the context of MIMO Alamouti FBMC-OQAM links.Au cours des vingt dernières années, le débit croissant des communications radiofréquences a imposé la mise en œuvre de techniques d'égalisation de plus en plus complexes. Pour résoudre ce problème, les modulations multi-porteuses ont été massivement employées dans les standards de communications à très haut débit. Un exemple caractéristique de la démocratisation de ces formes d'ondes est l'utilisation de l'OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) sur le lien descendant des réseaux 4G. Toutefois, pour les futurs réseaux 5G, l'émergence prévue des communications M2M (Machine-to-Machine) impose aux formes d'ondes une grande tolérance aux asynchronismes au sein de ces réseaux et ne permet pas l'emploi de l'OFDM qui nécessite une synchronisation stricte en temps et en fréquence. Egalement, l'utilisation efficace du spectre par les techniques de la radio cognitive est incompatible avec l'OFDM en raison de la mauvaise localisation en fréquence de cette forme d'onde.Dans ce contexte, la forme d'onde FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier - Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) est apparue comme une solution potentielle à ces problèmes. Toutefois, l'égalisation des signaux FBMC-OQAM en canal sélectif en fréquence et/ou canal MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) est rendue difficile par la subsistance d'interférences entre les sous-porteuses du schéma FBMC-OQAM. Cette thèse étudie donc l'égalisation de ces liaisons. L'étude de récepteurs WL (Widely Linear) qui permettent la suppression d'interférences, sans diversité d'antenne en réception, au sein des réseaux utilisant des signaux noncirculaires au second ordre (e.g. signaux ASK, GMSK, OQAM) est privilégiée. Cette technique nommée SAIC (Single Antenna Interference Cancellation) et utilisée dans les réseaux GSM pour la suppression d'interférences co-canal est envisagée pour une extension à la suppression des interférences entre porteuses des formes d'ondes FBMC-OQAM. La technologie SAIC, qui a été étendue pour plusieurs antennes en réception (MAIC - Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) a l'avantage de sa faible complexité et ne génère pas de propagation d'erreur à faible SNR contrairement aux solutions de suppression successive d'interférences. Une approche progressive est adoptée, depuis l'élaboration du SAIC pour la suppression d'interférences co-canal où nous démontrons l'importance de considérer le caractère cyclostationnaire des signaux OQAM. Basée sur cette constatation, une nouvelle structure de réception utilisant un filtre WL-FRESH (FREquency-SHift) est proposée et ses meilleures performances comparé au récepteur WL standard sont présentées analytiquement et par simulations numériques. L'extension du SAIC pour la suppression d'une interférence décalée en fréquence est ensuite menée et différentes structures de réception sont proposées et analysées en détail. L'aptitude des traitements SAIC utilisant des filtres WL-FRESH à supprimer 2 interférences décalées en fréquence est présentée. Dans le contexte des signaux FBMC-OQAM qui utilisent généralement le filtre de mise en forme PHYDYAS, chaque sous-porteuse est polluée par ses deux sous-porteuses adjacentes. Cependant, pour évaluer les traitements SAIC sans devoir prendre en compte la contribution des sous-porteuses voisines à ces sous-porteuses adjacentes, un filtre doit précéder le traitement de réception. Pour cette raison, l'analyse de l'impact d'un filtre de réception sur les performances des traitements SAIC proposés est effectuée et les conditions sur la bande passante du filtre nécessaires pour justifier l'intérêt d'un traitement SAIC par filtrage WL sont présentées. Dans un dernier temps, une approche alternative d'égalisation des signaux FBMC-OQAM est présentée. Elle consiste à démoduler conjointement les sous-porteuses interférentes après filtrage. Cette technique est abordée dans le contexte de liaisons MIMO Alamouti FBMC-OQAM

Reception filter impact on widely linear FRESH receiver performance for SAIC/MAIC with frequency offsets

International audienceWidely linear (WL) receivers are able to fulfill single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) of one rectilinear (R) (ASK, BPSK) or quasi-rectilinear (QR) (MSK, GMSK, OQAM) co-channel interference (CCI). In the presence of residual frequency offsets (FO), standard SAIC/MAIC receivers lose their efficiency and have to be extended using WL frequency shifted (FRESH) filtering, which has been done recently. However, in practice the observations are low-pass filtered before sampling and processing, which may degrade the performance. In this context, the purpose of the paper is twofold. The first one is to extend the previous pseudo MLSE-based WL FRESH receiver, for sources with differential FO, to observations which are low-pass filtered. The second one is to analyze, both analytically and by simulations, the impact of the low-pass filtering on the performance of the extended pseudo MLSE-based WL FRESH receive

Two and three inputs Widely Linear FRESH receivers for cancellation of a quasi-rectilinear interference with frequency offset

International audienceWidely linear (WL) receivers can fulfill single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) of one rectilinear (R) or quasi-rectilinear (QR) co-channel interference (CCI). The SAIC technology for QR signals has been shown to be less powerful than SAIC for R signals. To overcome this limitation, a SAIC/MAIC enhancement using three-inputs WL frequency-shift (FRESH) receiver has been introduced for QR signals. However, this receiver loses its efficiency for an interference having a residual frequency offset (FO) above a fraction of the baud rate. This may appear for airborne communications and it is the case for the inter-carrier interference of filter-bank based multicarrier waveforms using OQAM constellations which are candidate for 5G mobile networks. This paper extends the standard two-inputs SAIC/MAIC receiver and the three-inputs WL FRESH receiver for QR signals with FO. Analytical results and simulations are presented to study the impact of this FO on the performance of these receiver

Quasi-rectilinear (MSK, GMSK, OQAM) co-channel interference mitigation by three inputs widely linear Fresh filtering

International audienceWidely linear (WL) filters have the capability to perform single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) of one rectilinear or quasi-rectilinear (QR) co-channel interference (CCI). The SAIC technology for QR signals is operational in GSM handsets but requires enhancements for both VAMOS standard, an evolution of GSM/EDGE standard, and FBMC-OQAM networks, which are candidate for 5G mobile networks. In this context, we propose and analyze in this paper, for QR signals, a SAIC/MAIC enhancement based on the concept of three inputs WL FRESH filtering, exploiting almost exhaustively both the non-circularity and the cyclostationnarity of QR signals, contrary to classical approaches which only exploit very partly these propertie

Widely linear FRESH receivers for cancellation of data-like rectilinear and quasi-rectilinear interference with frequency offsets

International audienceWidely linear (WL) receivers have been developed in the past for single antenna interference cancel- lation (SAIC) of one rectilinear (R) or quasi-rectilinear (QR) data-like multi-user interference (MUI) or co-channel interference (CCI) in particular. The SAIC technology has been implemented in global system for mobile communications (GSM) handsets in particular and has been further analyzed for voice ser- vices over adaptive multi-user channels on one slot (VAMOS) standard. It remains of great interest for several current and future applications using R or QR signals, such as anti-collisions processing in radio frequency identification (RFID) or in satellite-AIS systems and to densify 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) net- works through one dimensional signaling or over-loaded large MU-MIMO systems. It may be required to cancel the inter-symbol interference (ISI) of control and non-payload communications (CNPC) links of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and the inter-carrier interference (ICI) of filter bank multi-carrier offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM), which are now candidate for B5G mobile networks. For these challenging applications, the development of enhanced WL filtering based SAIC or Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation (MAIC) receivers for R and QR signals may be of great interest. Such a receiver, corresponding to a three-input WL frequency shift (FRESH) receiver, has been introduced recently for QR signals. However this WL receiver is not robust to a data-like MUI having a residual frequency offset (FO), which occurs for most of the previous applications. In this context, the paper first extends, for arbitrary propagation channels, the standards (for R and QR MUI) and the enhanced (for QR MUI) SAIC/MAIC WL receivers to MUI with a non-zero FO. Then, it shows the less efficiency of the two-input WL receiver for QR MUI with a non-zero FO and the performance improvement obtained with the three-input WL receiver. Finally, it analyzes, both analytically and by simulations, for R and QR MUI, the impact of the MUI FO on the performance of the proposed receivers. The results of the paper should allow the develop- ment of new powerful WL receivers for UAV CNPC links, anti-collisions AIS systems and for FBMC-OQAM networks in particular

Enhanced widely linear filtering to make quasi-rectilinear signals almost equivalent to rectilinear ones for SAIC/MAIC

International audienceWidely linear (WL) receivers have the capability to perform single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) of one rectilinear (R) or quasi-rectilinear (QR) co-channel interference (CCI), a function which is operational in global system for mobile communications (GSM) handsets in particular. Moreover, SAIC technology for QR signals is still required for voice services over adaptive multi-user channels on one slot (VAMOS) standard, a recent evolution of GSM/EDGE standard, to mitigate legacy GSM CCI in particular. It is also required for filter bank multi-carrier offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMCOQAM) networks, which are candidate for 5G mobile networks, to mitigate inter-carrier interference (ICI) at reception for frequency selective propagation channels in particular. In this context, the purpose of this paper is twofold. The first one is to get more insights into the existing SAIC technology, and its extension to multiple antenna called MAIC, by showing analytically that, contrary to what is accepted as true in the literature, SAIC/MAIC implemented from standard WL filtering may be less efficient for QR signals than for R ones. From this result, the second purpose of the paper is to propose and to analyze, for QR signals and frequency selective fading channels, a SAIC/MAIC enhancement based on a three-input WL frequency shift (FRESH) receiver, making QR signals always almost equivalent to R ones for WL filtering in the presence of CCI. The results of the paper, completely new, may contribute to develop elsewhere new powerful WL receivers for QR signals and for both VAMOS and FBMC-OQAM networks in particular

Maximum likelihood Alamouti receiver for filter bank based multicarrier transmissions

International audienc

Widely linear FRESH receiver for SAIC/MAIC with frequency offsets

International audienceWidely linear (WL) receivers are able to fulfill single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) of one rectilinear (R) (ASK, BPSK) or quasi-rectilinear (QR) (MSK, GMSK, OQAM) co-channel interference (CCI), a function which is operational in GSM handsets in particular. However, in most cases, SAIC technology loses its efficiency if the residual frequency offset (FO) of the CCI is above a very small fraction of the baud rate. It may be the case for airborne communications, due to high differential Doppler shifts. It may also be the case if we try to use SAIC/MAIC receivers to mitigate intrinsic inter-carrier interference (ICI) of FBMC-OQAM waveforms, which are candidate for 5G networks, and for which the ICI FO is equal to 50% of the (real) baud rate. In this context, the purpose of this paper is twofold. The first one is to extend, for an arbitrary propagation channel and from a MLSE-based approach, the SAIC/MAIC concept to R or QR signals with differential FO using WL FRESH filtering. The second one is to analyse both analytically and by simulations the impact of the residual CCI FO on the performance of the proposed SAIC/MAIC receive