Genome-Wide Association Study for Type 2 Diabetes in Indians Identifies a New Susceptibility Locus at 2q21

Indians undergoing socioeconomic and lifestyle transitions will be maximally affected by epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of T2D in 12,535 Indians, a less explored but high-risk group. We identified a new type 2 diabetes–associated locus at 2q21, with the lead signal being rs6723108 (odds ratio 1.31; P = 3.32 3 1029 ). Imputation analysis refined the signal to rs998451 (odds ratio 1.56; P = 6.3 3 10212) within TMEM163 that encodes a probable vesicular transporter in nerve terminals. TMEM163 variants also showed association with decreased fasting plasma insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, indicating a plausible effect through impaired insulin secretion. The 2q21 region also harbors RAB3GAP1 and ACMSD; those are involved in neurologic disorders. Forty-nine of 56 previously reported signals showed consistency in direction with similar effect sizes in Indians and previous studies, and 25 of them were also associated (P , 0.05). Known loci and the newly identified 2q21 locus altogether explained 7.65% variance in the risk of T2D in Indians. Our study suggests that common susceptibility variants for T2D are largely the same across populations, but also reveals a population-specific locus and provides further insights into genetic architecture and etiology of T2D

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1�70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6�70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization�s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8�38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8�67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s)

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)

Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)

Case report on clinical effect of Khadir compound drug (Kitibha har kashay)inPsoriasis and its cell line study

Psoriasis is a common skin disease which is inflammatory, proliferative, autoimmune, and chronic with relapsing nature. It resembles with Kitibha Kustha roga ofAyurveda which is described asrelapsing disease with dry, rough, discolored skin lesions. This is a case report of psoriasis patientwho was treated conservatively with Kitibha har kashay for 3 months. The assessment of clinical improvement was made, along with the biochemical profiling and photographic analysis. Patient was also instructed to follow the do’s and don’ts of the disease for diet and lifestyle also called pathya and apthya. Parameters that were used to assess the clinical improvement were PASI score, IGA scale and grading of Ayurvedicclinical symptoms of Kitibha.The patient was given the medication prepared from the AyurvedicPharmacy, Faculty of Ayurveda, BHU in ghan form. The crude and prepared drug was standardized from Institute itself and the data of the patient was maintained by regular follow-ups. The cell line study of water extract of Khadir compound was also done to evaluate the proliferative or antiproliferative action by MTT assay. The clinical result have shown that this drug posses a very effective antipsoriatic action that has significantly reduced PASI score to nil and marked improvement in IGA scale, clinical symptoms andphotographic improvement was found. The cell line study by MTT assay has shown the antiproliferative action of Daruharidra (Berberis aristata) that was one of the constituent of Kitibha har kashay.Further study of this drug on psoriasis specific cytokines is needed to be evaluated by biochemical analysis to evaluate its role in breaking the pathology of psoriasis