6 research outputs found
Diffusion limited evaporation of a binary liquid film
An analytical solution of a model fluid’s time behavior, known as the Stefan problem, is presented. A scenario is investigated in which a planar two-component liquid film is continuously evaporating into a thermodynamically non-ideal vapor phase. Evaporation is initiated and maintained by a spatial chemical potential gradient, while its rate is limited by the components’ diffusion fluxes across the vapor-liquid interface. Local thermodynamic equilibrium is found to be present throughout the process. In contrast to the classical approach relying on equations of state, all required non-idealities are formulated in relation to the Gibbs energy and are determined by molecular simulations. Initially, the liquid is an equimolar mixture of two components of different volatility, whereas the adjacent vapor phase is dominated by a dense inert gas. To validate the analytical model and verify all exploited assumptions, the results are contrasted to large scale molecular dynamics simulations
Messverfahren für die akustischen Absorption zur Bestimmung der Volumenviskosität reiner Fluide
A realistic description of fluid mechanical and acoustic processes requires the volume viscosity of the medium to be known. This work describes how the volume viscosity of pure fluids can be determined by measuring acoustic absorption with the pulse-echo method. The challenge in realizing such a measurement method lies in the separation of the different dissipative effects that superimpose on absorption. Diffraction effects ultimately cause a dissipation of acoustic energy and acoustic reflector surfaces have a small, but finite transmission coefficient. Further, influences of the transducer (in particular its frequency response), as well as the system’s electrical components have to be taken into account. In contrast to the classical approach relying on the amplitude ratio, the absorption is determined by the moments of the amplitude spectrum. The measurement system applied is originally designed for precision measurements of the sound velocity by means of the propagation time difference of two acoustic signals.Eine realitätsnahe Beschreibung strömungsmechanischer wie akustischer Vorgänge setzt voraus, dass die Volumenviskosität des Mediums bekannt ist. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie sich die Volumenviskosität reiner Fluide über eine Messung der akustischen Absorption durch Puls-Echo-Messungen ermitteln lässt. Die Herausforderung bei der Realisierung eines derartigen Messverfahrens liegt in der Trennung der unterschiedlichen dissipativen Effekte, welche der Absorption im Fluid überlagert werden. Beugungseffekte endlich großer Schallwandler bedingen zum Beispiel eine Dissipation der akustischen Energie im Raum. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen Methode über das Amplitudenverhältnis, wird die Absorption über die Momente des Amplitudenspektrums bestimmt. Als Messsystem dient dabei ein Aufbau, welcher zur präzisen Messung der Schallgeschwindigkeit über die Laufzeitdifferenz zweier akustischer Signale ausgelegt ist
Bulk viscosity of liquid noble gases
This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in J. Chem. Phys. 152, 094503 (2020) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5142364.An equation of state for the bulk viscosity of liquid noble gases is proposed. On the basis of dedicated equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, a multi-mode relaxation ansatz is used to obtain precise bulk viscosity data over a wide range of liquid states. From this dataset, the equation of state emerges as a two-parametric power function with both parameters showing a conspicuous saturation behavior over temperature. After passing a temperature threshold, the bulk viscosity is found to vary significantly over density, a behavior that resembles the frequency response of a one pole low-pass filter. The proposed equation of state is in good agreement with available experimental sound attenuation data
Diffusion of the carbon dioxide–ethanol mixture in the extended critical region
The effect of traces of ethanol in supercritical carbon dioxide on the mixture's thermodynamic properties is studied by molecular simulations and Taylor dispersion measurements. This mixture is investigated along the isobar p = 10 MPa in the temperature range between T = 304 and 343 K. Along this path, the mixture undergoes two transitions: First, the Widom line is crossed, marking the transition from liquid-like to gas-like conditions. A second transition occurs from the supercritical gas-like domain to a subcritical gas. The Widom line crossover entails inflection points for most of the studied properties, i.e. density, enthalpy, shear viscosity, Maxwell–Stefan and intradiffusion coefficients. On the other hand, the transition between the super- and subcritical regions is found to be generally smooth, an observation that is qualitatively confirmed by experimental Taylor dispersion measurements. Dedicated atomistic simulations show the presence of microheterogeneities due to ethanol self-association along the investigated path, which lead to the mixture's anomalous behavior in its extended critical region.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 202
Measurement procedure for acoustic absorption and bulk viscosity of liquids
A measurement procedure using a modified two-chamber pulse-echo experimental setup is presented, enabling acoustic absorption and bulk viscosity (volume viscosity) measurements in liquids up to high temperature and pressure. Acoustic absorption measurements are particularly challenging, since other dissipative effects, such as diffraction at the acoustic source and at acoustic reflectors, are typically superimposed to the measurement effect. Acoustic field simulations are performed, allowing to investigate acoustic wave propagation qualitatively. The absorption coefficient is determined by evaluating the signal spectrum’s raw moments and applying a method to identify and correct systematic measurement deviations. Measurement uncertainties are estimated by a Monte Carlo method. In order to validate the present measurement procedure, the acoustic absorption in liquid methanol, n-hexane, n-octane, and n-decane is determined experimentally and compared to literature data. The measurement results for methanol are additionally validated by comparison to bulk viscosity data sampled with molecular dynamics simulation