Role of the Mitochondrial Genome During Early Development in Mice

The role of the mitochondrial genome in early development and differentiation was studied in mouse embryos cultured in vitro from the two to four cell stage to the blastocyst (about 100 cells). During this period the mitochondria undergo morphological differentiation: progressive enlargement followed by an increase in matrix density, in number of cristae, and in number of mitochondrial ribosomes. Mitochondrial ribosomal and transfer RNA synthesis occurs from the 8 to 16 cell stage on and contributes to the establishment of a mitochondrial protein-synthesizing system. Inhibition of mitochondrial RNA- and protein-synthesis by 0.1 µg/ml of ethidium bromide or 31.2 µg/ml of chloramphenicol permits essentially normal embryo development and cellular differentiation. Mitochondrial morphogenesis is also nearly normal except for the appearance of dilated and vesicular cristae in blastocyst mitochondria. Such blastocysts are capable of normal postimplantation development when transplanted into the uteri of foster mothers. Higher concentrations of these inhibitors have general toxic effects and arrest embryo development. It is concluded that mitochondrial differentiation in the early mouse embryo occurs through the progressive transformation of the preexisting mitochondria and is largely controlled by the nucleocytoplasmic system. Mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for the normal structural organization of the cristae in blastocyst mitochondria. Embryo development and cellular differentiation up to the blastocyst stage are not dependent on mitochondrial genetic activity

Inferring the dynamics of underdamped stochastic systems

Many complex systems, ranging from migrating cells to animal groups, exhibit stochastic dynamics described by the underdamped Langevin equation. Inferring such an equation of motion from experimental data can provide profound insight into the physical laws governing the system. Here, we derive a principled framework to infer the dynamics of underdamped stochastic systems from realistic experimental trajectories, sampled at discrete times and subject to measurement errors. This framework yields an operational method, Underdamped Langevin Inference (ULI), which performs well on experimental trajectories of single migrating cells and in complex high-dimensional systems, including flocks with Viscek-like alignment interactions. Our method is robust to experimental measurement errors, and includes a self-consistent estimate of the inference error

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - 1921 - 1940

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1012/thumbnail.jp

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - 1981 - 2000

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1015/thumbnail.jp

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - Gazetteer

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1016/thumbnail.jp

Notes on the Colonial Revival in Newport: Escaping the “Vandalism of Civilization”

Owing to its unique character and architectural heritage, Newport became a microcosm of the Colonial Revival and a mecca for young, developing architects seeking to subject their skills and imagination to the styles and theories that were rapidly spreading across the eastern portion of the United States. In this article, noted architectural historian, David Chase, traces the fate of six Colonial Newport buildings and their relationship to the first concerted public efforts toward preservation in the nineteenth century; a testament to the ideal that architecture is, in fact, the legacy and gift that one generation leaves for another

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - 1961 - 1980

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1014/thumbnail.jp

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - prehistoric period

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1009/thumbnail.jp

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - Historic - 1700

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1006/thumbnail.jp

A Whitefield, Maine timeline - 1941 - 1960

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1013/thumbnail.jp