Effect of chemotherapy on serum nitric oxide levels in advanced stage breast cancer patients

Background: The role of nitric oxide is still unclear in advanced breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chemotherapy on serum nitric oxide levels in advanced stage breast cancer patients.Methods: In this observational study, clinically and histopathologically proven sixty female patients with advanced stage breast cancer were included. According to Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) classification, patients were further grouped as stage III and stage IV. Thirty healthy and age-matched female controls were selected for comparison. Blood was collected from healthy controls and from breast cancer patients after surgery prior to chemotherapy and after three weeks of administration of first adjuvant chemotherapy cycle. Serum nitric oxide levels were measured by spectrophotometric method.Results: Significantly higher concentrations of serum nitric oxide were observed in breast cancer patients before chemotherapy in stage III (p<0.0001) and stage IV (p<0.0001) of the disease as compare to concentrations in healthy controls. The serum levels of nitric oxide were significantly decreased in stage III as well as stage IV of breast cancer patients after three weeks of receiving first adjuvant chemotherapy cycle as compare to levels before chemotherapy (p<0.0001), however serum nitric oxide levels were higher in stage III (p=0.0036) and stage IV (p<0.0001) of the disease as compare to healthy controls.Conclusions: Chemotherapy drug administration causes decrease in serum nitric oxide levels in advanced stages of breast cancer patients. Monitoring serum nitric oxide levels could be used to predict patients’ response to chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer

_Streptomyces_ sp. as predators of bacteria

Background: The ecological role of actinomycetes and their secondary metabolites is not yet completely understood. &#xd;&#xa;Hypothesis: Actinomycetes and Streptomyces sp. in particular, are non-obligate predators of bacteria in soil. &#xd;&#xa;Evidence: Ability to grow on live bacterial cells as a sole source of nutrients. Prey cell lysis accompanying growth. Circumstantial evidence for the involvement of antimicrobials along with enzymes.&#xd;&#xa;Implications: This finding may open up a new source of novel secondary metabolites from the genus

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPTLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF VOGLIBOSE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: This paper describes a new, simple, precise, accurate and specific HPTLC method for estimation of voglibose as a bulk drug and in tablet dosage forms.Methods: Chromatographic separation of the drug was performed on aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and a mobile phase comprising of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: 30% ammonia 5:4:1.5:0.2 (v/v/v/v). Densitometric quantification of voglibose was carried out at 292 nm. Voglibose was detected satisfactorily with a Rf value 0.26.Results: The accuracy and reliability of the method was assessed by evaluation of linearity (0.2-1.2 µg/spot), precision (intra-day RSD 0.6-0.9% and inter-day RSD 0.20-0.25%), accuracy (97.32-102.46%) and specificity according to ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The proposed HPTLC method is less expensive, simpler, rapid and more flexible than the reported RP-HPLC method for routine analysis of voglibose in bulk and tablet dosage forms.Â

Eco-Friendly Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Estimation of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir by Quality by Design Approach

Introduction: The pharmaceutical industry faces a significant problem as a result of the worldwide requirement to modify processes in order to comply with the green analytical chemistry (GAC) requirements. An enormous amount of organic hazardous waste is produced by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), one of the methods employed the most frequently at different stages in the pharmaceutical sector. Aim: To develop analytical quality by design-aided stability indicating green high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for estimation of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in a dosage form. Material and Methods: The critical chromatographic factors were the % of ethanol in the mobile phase, flow rate, and their overall effect on the responses like asymmetry, theoretical plates, and resolution were studied to optimize the method. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has mainly focused on developing analytical methods that are safe for the environment. Therefore, it is imperative that the GAC principles be applied in pharmacological analysis. A rotatable central composite design was employed, and the optimized conditions for chromatographic separation were made with a run time of 5 minutes using Zorbax C18 column (4.6× 150 mm, 5 µm) with 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid and ethanol (40:60 v/v) as components of a mobile phase, flowing at a rate of 1.0 ml/minute. Photodiode array detection was carried out at 253 nm. Results: The retention time was 1.8 min for EBS and 2.84 min for GZP. According to the ICH guidelines, the proposed method was validated and stress studies revealed that Elbasvir and Grazoprevir are prone to acidic, basic, and oxidation stress conditions. An analytical eco-scale score evaluated the greenness profile and a software-based evaluation. Conclusion: The developed HPLC method is eco-friendly and shall be adopted&nbsp;&nbsp; in the routine quality control of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in a tablet dosage form

Detection of Route Request Flooding Attack in MANET Using Session Based History Table

Abstract Mobile ad hoc networks are becoming much popular nowadays as a research and network utilities. This network framework is effective but it is surrounded with security related issues. There are a lot of challenges and problems are found like continuously changed topology and changes in resource constrains may form performance and security gaps between MANET arrangement. The data flooding attack causes Denial of Service attacks by flooding of packets. In this paper, an approach is designed and simulated to handle flooding attack and detect the attack by managing the history table and limiting the flooding value

Empowering Beautiful Smiles - a Case of Digital Smile Designing with Resin Infiltration

Dental fluorosis, especially if present in moderate to severe grades, can render an unaesthetic appearance to the dentition. An esthetic makeover creates a smile where the stomatognathic structures function with no hindrance to each other, a perfectly balancing orofacial structure reciprocates each other. With the advent of Digital Smile Designing, the outcome and predictability of the treatment is significantly enhanced. The present case report describes one such case of dental fluorosis treated with a multidisciplinary approach using Digital Smile Designing and resin infiltration

Requirements for implementation of covid-19 vaccine through good management.

Several research institutes and companies are working hard to find a vaccine for COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are available worldwide in early 2021. The quality of the vaccine on Covid-1 can be very important to rid the world of it. The main objective of this article is to implement the vaccine against COVID-19 infection through good management through social distance, hygiene. Key Words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, Vaccine, Social Distancing