Évolution des dépôts adipeux intramusculaires au cours de la croissance et du gavage du canard (relation avec la qualité de la viande)

Nous avons étudié les effets du génotype (Barbarie, Pékin et leurs croisements réciproques hinny, mulard), de l âge (1, 42, 75, 84, 91 et 98 jours) et du niveau d alimentation (rationnement, alimentation à volonté, gavage) sur la composition et la localisation des dépôts de lipides intramusculaires chez le canard, en relation avec la qualité de la viande. D une façon générale, l augmentation de la teneur en lipides se traduit par un enrichissement en triglycérides et en acides gras monoinsaturés qui se déposent dans les adipocytes mais aussi dans les fibres. Le métabolisme énergétique de type oxydatif est stimulé et celui de type glycolytique est diminué. La viande est plus claire, plus jaune. Sa flaveur est plus prononcée et les pertes à la cuisson sont plus élevées.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pathologie du phoque gris (HALICHOERUS GRYPUS) et du phoque veau marin (PHOCA VITULINA),approches clinique, diagnostique et thérapeutique à partir de la base de données de la clinique pour phoques d'OCEANOPLOLIS (BREST, Finistère)

La médecine des mammifères marins, cétacés comme pinnipèdes, est en pleine expansion. Les observations des animaux de parcs zoologiques sont actuellement complétées par de plus en plus d'études sur des populations sauvages. Les conditions de vie des pinnipèdes, et des phoques en particulier (mode de vie amphibie, regroupement en colonies à certaines périodes de l'année), ainsi que la création de centres récupérant des jeunes échoués ou en détresse permettent aux scientifiques d'observer les affections se développant en milieu sauvage, de réaliser des études sur un nombre important d'individus, d'effectuer des suivis et des prélèvements, tels que les prises de sang qui peuvent fournir diverses renseignements. Les grandes populations de phoques gris et veaux marins du Canada, de la côte Est des Etats-Unis, et des côtes nord européennes (îles britanniques, mer Baltique) bénéficient déjà de ces études. Il était donc intéressant de faire un bilan sur le même principe des populations autochtones de phoques gris et de phoques veaux marins présentes sur les côtes françaises. Ce travail s'est ainsi appuyé sur une base de données s'étalant sur seize années et regroupant 254 individus. Celle-ci se compose de fiches cliniques individuelles pour chaque phoque échoué sur nos côtes et recueilli à la clinique pour phoques d'Océanopolis située à Brest (29). Ce travail met ainsi en avant les principales affections rencontrées dans les populations présentes localement, les traitements mis en oeuvre dans chaque cas et fournit un petit manuel sur la pathologie du phoque gris et du phoque veau marin.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effect of lipid content on oxidation susceptibility of duck meat

International audienceLipid content in duck meat can show a very large variation. It influences the nutritional and sensory attributes of the meat and perhaps it influences meat susceptibility to oxidation during cold storage of fresh or processed meat. By combining the duck genotype (Muscovy duck, Pekin duck and mule) and the nutritional level (ad libitum or overfed) we were able to obtain duck fillets exhibiting a large variation in lipid content and to distribute them into 3 classes (2.0 to 3.5%, 4.0 to 5.5% and 5.9 to 7.9% fat). Storage at + 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C of raw meat or at + 4 degrees C of dry-cured fillets did neither affect the colour and fatty acid composition of the meat nor its susceptibility to lipid or protein oxidation

Spectroscopie dans le proche infra-rouge et prédiction de la teneur en lipides du filet de poulet

National audienc

Prédiction de la teneur en lipides des magrets de canard par spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR)

National audienc

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for predicting lipid content in chicken breast meat

National audienc

Differential proliferation and metabolic activity of Sertoli cells in the testes of broiler and layer breeder chickens.

peer reviewedDecades of genetic selection have generated 2 different, highly specialized types of chickens in which 1 type, known as the layer-type chicken, expresses high laying performance while the other type, known as the broiler-type chicken, is dedicated to the production of fast-growing birds. Selected lines for the latter type often express disorders in their reproductive performance including early sexual maturation and accelerated, non-reversible seasonal decline of their semen production and mating behavior. The aim of the present study was to characterize some metabolic markers of the Sertoli cell populations. Sertoli cells are somatic cells known to support, coordinate, nourish, and protect the germ cell populations from onset to the end of their meiotic process. Comparisons of gonadal development between males of the 2 genetic types taken at their pre-pubertal period indicated that the testes of layer-type chickens are significantly less developed than in broiler-type males taken at the same age. In addition, cultures of purified Sertoli cells from the 2 types revealed in vitro a higher proliferative capacity when issued from layer compared to broiler-type chickens. This was associated with a higher expression of the genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (CPT1; PPARβ) as well as a 4-fold increase in the Lactate Dehydrogenase-A expression and activity. In contrast, Sertoli cells from broiler-type chickens presented an elevated activity of citrate synthase and mitochondria, suggesting a better efficacy of aerobic metabolism in Sertoli cells from broiler compared to layer-type chickens. Moreover, the testis from broiler-type chickens seems to be more sensitive to oxidative stress due to the lower global antioxidant capacity compared to layer-type chickens.In conclusion, these results suggest that the metabolic activity of testicular tissues is different in the layer and broiler breeder chickens. The aerobic metabolism more prevalent in broiler-type chickens could be a factor to reduce the male fertility such as germ cell quality

Differential proliferation and metabolic activity of Sertoli cells in the testes of broiler and layer breeder chickens

Decades of genetic selection have generated 2 different, highly specialized types of chickens in which 1 type, known as the layer-type chicken, expresses high laying performance while the other type, known as the broiler-type chicken, is dedicated to the production of fast-growing birds. Selected lines for the latter type often express disorders in their reproductive performance including early sexual maturation and accelerated, non-reversible seasonal decline of their semen production and mating behavior. The aim of the present study was to characterize some metabolic markers of the Sertoli cell populations. Sertoli cells are somatic cells known to support, coordinate, nourish, and protect the germ cell populations from onset to the end of their meiotic process. Comparisons of gonadal development between males of the 2 genetic types taken at their pre-pubertal period indicated that the testes of layer-type chickens are significantly less developed than in broiler-type males taken at the same age. In addition, cultures of purified Sertoli cells from the 2 types revealed in vitro a higher proliferative capacity when issued from layer compared to broiler-type chickens. This was associated with a higher expression of the genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (CPT1; PPARβ) as well as a 4-fold increase in the Lactate Dehydrogenase-A expression and activity. In contrast, Sertoli cells from broiler-type chickens presented an elevated activity of citrate synthase and mitochondria, suggesting a better efficacy of aerobic metabolism in Sertoli cells from broiler compared to layer-type chickens. Moreover, the testis from broiler-type chickens seems to be more sensitive to oxidative stress due to the lower global antioxidant capacity compared to layer-type chickens.In conclusion, these results suggest that the metabolic activity of testicular tissues is different in the layer and broiler breeder chickens. The aerobic metabolism more prevalent in broiler-type chickens could be a factor to reduce the male fertility such as germ cell quality