FASP médicale et substrat professionnel : le miroir éclaté

L'étude des medical thrillers est un domaine de recherche encore jeune dans le contexte de la fiction à substrat professionnel. Ces romans reflètent généralement les pratiques, le discours et les habitudes socioculturelles de la communauté médicale, mais la lecture de romans récents semble indiquer que la représentation du réel professionnel laisse progressivement place au miroir aux alouettes du genre connexe du thriller. Le miroir nous renvoie également une image du réel professionnel plus diversifiée, car les auteurs s'inspirent désormais du substrat spécialisé emprunté aux forensic thrillers et aux legal thrillers. Cette évolution par osmose met en relief le caractère hybride du genre. Au-delà des stéréotypes paratextuels, narratifs et discursifs, l’auteur de l‘article s’efforce de montrer, au travers d’extraits récents, la distorsion induite par le tiraillement entre réel professionnel et réel fictif au sein de ces romans.  S'il reflète certaines préoccupations du milieu médical, le genre spécialisé néglige souvent sa réalité professionnelle, ce qui remet en cause la notion même de fiction à substrat médical.The study of medical thrillers is a budding field of research within the genre of professionally-based fiction. These novels usually reflect the practices, the discourse and the socio-cultural ways of the medical community. However, when reading the more recent novels, one has the feeling that the representation of professional reality is gradually giving way to the lure of the closely related thriller genre. In the same way, the image reflected is that of a more diversified professional reality, as the authors now draw their inspiration from professionally-based material borrowed from forensic and legal thrillers. This osmosis-induced evolution highlights the hybrid nature of the genre. The aim of the author’s article is to go beyond paratextual, narrative and discursive stereotypes and, through extracts taken from recent novels, to pinpoint distortions induced by the constant tug-of-war between professional reality and reality as portrayed in medical thrillers. Although the specialised genre reflects some of the preoccupations of the medical profession, it often overlooks its professional reality, which questions the very notion of medically-based fiction

Les premiers dictionnaires médicaux en langue anglaise : glissements diachroniques du spécialisé au non spécialisé

Dans le champ des langues de spécialité, l'étude diachronique des dictionnaires médicaux en langue anglaise à dominante médicale est un terrain de recherche qui n’a pas encore été clairement balisé. Cette étude a pour objectifs de repérer et d’analyser l’émergence des premiers glossaires et dictionnaires médicaux en Grande-Bretagne afin de jalonner le domaine spécialisé de l’anglais médical. Les définitions du spécialisé proposées par Michel Petit et l’analyse du passage du spécialisé au non spécialisé faite par Michel Van der Yeught servent de cadre théorique à cette étude, dont l’empan diachronique recouvre les 17e et 18e siècles. Le corpus prend en compte les dictionnaires généralistes et les premières compilations spécialisées d’origine exogène et endogène. Ces recherches montrent que A Physical Dictionary, publié en 1652, marque le premier passage du spécialisé au non spécialisé dans le domaine spécialisé de l’anglais médical. Au siècle des lumières, A Medicinal Dictionary, compilé par le médecin anglais Robert James entre 1743 et 1745, confirme ce passage et annonce la publication des premiers dictionnaires médicaux aux États-Unis.In the field of languages for specific purposes, the diachronic study of medical dictionaries published in English is a territory that remains largely unchartered. The aim of this study is to pinpoint and analyse the emergence of the first medical glossaries and dictionaries in Great Britain so as to mark out the specialised territory of medical English. The specialised domain, as defined by Michel Petit, and the analysis of the passage from the specialised to the non-specialised domain put forward by Michel Van der Yeught provide the theoretical background to the study, which spans the 17th and 18th centuries. The corpus comprises both general English dictionaries and the first specialised compilations whether they be of exogenous or endogenous origin. This research shows that A Physical Dictionary, published in 1652, is the first instance of a transition from the specialised to the non-specialised in the specialised territory of medical English. In the Age of Enlightenment, A Medicinal Dictionary, compiled by the English doctor Robert James between 1743 and 1745, confirms this passage, and heralds the publication of the first medical dictionaries in the United States

Milieux professionnels et FASP médicale : de l’autre côté du miroir

Le but de cette étude est de mettre en lumière les relations entre les milieux professionnels de la médecine et la fiction à substrat professionnel (FASP) et de les analyser. Il est convenu de dire que les medical thrillers, dont les caractéristiques principales en tant que sous-groupe générique de la FASP sont présentées ici, offrent un reflet plutôt fidèle du monde de la médecine. L’auteur montre l’intégration en profondeur du discours et des pratiques de la communauté médicale dans la trame paratextuelle, narrative et linguistique des romans à suspense à dominante médicale. Afin de mieux comprendre les relations entre l’environnement professionnel et l’œuvre de fiction, l’auteur présente les résultats d’un questionnaire soumis à quatre médecins devenus écrivains : R. Cook, M. Palmer, L.R. Robinson et T. Gerritsen.The purpose of this study is to highlight and analyse the relationship between the medical profession and professionally-based fiction (PBF). It is generally agreed that medical thrillers, whose specific features as a sub-group of the PBF genre are presented in this paper, are a rather accurate reflection of the world of medicine. The author shows that, beneath the surface, medical PBF integrates the specific nature of the discourse and practices of the medical community into the paratextual, narrative and linguistic fabric of medical suspense novels. In order to better understand the links between professional background and fiction, the author presents the answers to a questionnaire submitted to four doctors-turned-novelists: R. Cook, M. Palmer, L.R. Robinson and T. Gerritsen

La FASP médicale et ses marges : textes de référence, prototextes et textes périphériques

Le but de cet article est d’analyser divers textes de la FASP médicale en tant qu’émanation du genre de la fiction à substrat professionnel (FASP). Il est convenu de dire que les romans d’un petit groupe d’écrivains américains (R. Cook, M. Palmer, T. Gerritsen) forment le noyau dur de la FASP médicale. L’auteur se penche sur les prototextes et les textes périphériques écrits par des romanciers (F.G. Slaughter, M. Crichton, d’une part ; J. Connelly, G. Braver, K. Reichs, d’autre part) réputés être aux marges du genre. Après avoir étudié les liens complexes entre la nature protéiforme de ces textes et les normes du genre, l’auteur émet l’hypothèse que la FASP médicale évolue graduellement par osmose. Il s’appuie sur le roman de T. Gerritsen The Sinner (2003) afin de montrer que les écrivains de la FASP médicale s’inspirent de plusieurs genres et pré-textes existants dont ils se servent comme cadre pour étayer le substrat professionnel de leurs romans.The purpose of this article is to analyse various medical thrillers belonging to the genre of professionally-based fiction. It is generally agreed that the novels of a small group of American writers (R. Cook, M. Palmer, T. Gerritsen) form the core of professionally-based medical fiction. The author looks into the prototexts and the peripheral texts of novelists – F.G. Slaughter and M. Crichton on the one hand; J. Connelly, G. Braver, K. Reichs on the other hand – said to be on the fringes of the genre. After studying the complex relationships between the protean nature of these texts and the standards of the genre, the author postulates that professionally-based medical fiction is gradually evolving by osmosis. He uses T. Gerritsen’s novel The Sinner (2003) to show that writers of professionally-based medical fiction draw their inspiration from several existing genres and pre-texts, which they use as a framework to prop up professionally-based elements in their novels

Maurizio Gotti, Stefania Maci, Michele Sala (eds.), Insights into Medical Communication

Medical discourse is a multifaceted object of research. It has been the object of in-depth investigations from both a synchronic (Gotti & Salager-Meyer 2006) and diachronic (Taavitsainen & Pahta 2004, 2011) viewpoint. Thus, classic genres associated with traditional medical research (the research article, the abstract, letters to the editor, the conference presentation) and clinical practice (doctor-patient conversations, the referral letter) have generated a vast literature, often dominated ..

De la forme écrite à la forme numérique : quand le livre devient CD-Rom

Cet article a pour objet de présenter, d’analyser et d’illustrer les conditions du transfert de données écrites et graphiques d’un livre sur la communication orale en anglais scientifique (Carnet, Charpy & Creuzot-Garcher 2002) vers les données électroniques numériques d’un CD-Rom (Carnet, Charpy & Creuzot-Garcher 2003). Le passage de la forme phonique à la forme écrite ainsi que l’emprise de l’imprimé sur l’oral jusqu’au siècle dernier sont soulignés. Avant tout, le glissement progressif vers la forme électronique, puis numérique sert principalement de contexte à cette étude. Il est postulé que, en raison même de la problématique posée par l’adaptation d’une forme figée en une forme multimédia, ce nouveau mode de transmission du langage et du sens est porteur d’une valeur ajoutée non négligeable.The purpose of this article is to present, analyse and illustrate the conditions of transfer of texts, graphs, and drawings from a book on oral communication for scientific English (Carnet, Charpy& Creuzot-Garcher 2002) into digital form on a CD-Rom (Carnet, Charpy & Creuzot-Garcher 2003). The article highlights the passage from the oral form of communication to the written as well as the supremacy of the written form over the oral up to the last century. Above all, the progressive sliding into, first, the electronic form, then the digital form is principally covered in this study. It is suggested that the process of overcoming the difficulties associated with the very transformation from a static form into a multimedia form is a vector of substantial added valu

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

To Move or Not to Move. That is the question.

International audienceIn the same way that scientists have to "Publish or perish!", medical students, residents and young doctors in France have to "Move or perish!". "La mobilité" (professional mobility) has become a key word in French medical circles. Thus, in 2003, a group of English teachers at the Dijon School of Medicine and at ENS-Lettres et Sciences Humaines (Lyon) conducted a mobility-related needs assessment to identify how we could help young professionals prepare for their stay abroad in English-speaking environments. To assess the actual needs of French professionals, we first contacted a cardiovascular surgeon, Eric Steinmetz, who had spent one year as a research fellow in St. Louis, Missouri. He told us how hard it had been for him to leave, unprepared, for the United States and gave us very valuable advice. He also became a co-author of our guide for French medical residents preparing to go abroad: Préparer son Séjour d'Étude ou de Recherche en Pays Anglophone. Input on needs also came from other medical colleagues who had been on mobility assignments. "Mobility" unified the chapters 1) in conversations between medical professionals sharing cultural and survival information and 2) in communication tasks tied to actual needs. One needs-based focus was on tasks critical to applying for a research position: writing letters of interest/ application and resumes. Medical colleagues had insisted on including basic survival skills needed by inexperienced visitors. Travel topics included the visa application process and making travel arrangements. For the overseas stay itself, included were survival tips ("Finding one's way", "Looking for accommodations", "Money matters"). Also included were some cultural aspects under "This is the news"and "That's entertainment". We also ended each chapter with a box called "Attention!" ("Watch out!"), highlighting certain needs of medical professionals. A few years later, colleagues at the Medical English Department decided to launch a new course for our third-year students as some spend six weeks abroad (in American, British, Indian or Australian hospitals) in a student mobility program. Our guide had been aimed at a readership of young researchers and professionals. Although it met their specific needs, it did not satisfy the needs of our medical students. Thus, in 2008, we launched a 30-hour course for meeting their needs. Not only did we adapt some of the content of our original guide to their needs, but we also developed new assessment-driven tasks that met their other potential needs. Our students wanted help in finding contacts abroad. They needed useful communication tips, e.g., how to answer an email rapidly and effectively and how to engage in a phone conversation with a native speaker of English. Other concerns included coping with such practical tasks as finding suitable rental accommodations, getting insured, or going through a customs check. Cultural tips were also high on their agenda. In their course, they are 1) expected to elaborate on a project using an informal Powerpoint presentation, and 2) encouraged to write a real resume and cover letter, which will probably be sent to a prospective hospital or a clinic in an English-speaking country. We invite them to contact their future hosts, either by email or by phone. We also encourage them to do Internet searches to better understand the culture and the institutions of the country they will visit. Practical communication tasks include how to greet someone, ask their way, open a bank account, etc. They also have to introduce themselves to a native speaker. These specific tasks are to enable them to be self-assured when they finally go abroad Today, more and more French medical students apply for a stay abroad (50 in 2010 compared to 25 in 2007). They seem ready to use English both as a cultural and linguistic tool to cope with life in English-speaking environments. For them, the key phrase is no longer "Move or perish!", but "Move and survive"

Milieux professionnels et FASP médicale : de l’autre côté du miroir

International audienceLe but de cette étude, est de mettre en lumière et d’analyser les relations entre les milieux professionnels de la médecine et la fiction à substrat professionnel (FASP). Il est convenu de dire que les medical thrillers, dont les caractéristiques principales en tant que sous-groupe générique de la FASP sont présentées ici, offrent un reflet plutôt fidèle du monde de la médecine. L’auteur montre l’intégration en profondeur du discours et des pratiques de la communauté médicale dans la trame paratextuelle, narrative et linguistique des romans à suspense à dominante médicale. Afin de mieux comprendre les relations entre l’environnement professionnel et l’œuvre de fiction, l’auteur présente les résultats d'un questionnaire soumis à quatre médecins devenus écrivains (R. Cook, M. Palmer, L. R. Robinson et T. Gerritsen).The purpose of this study is to highlight and analyse the relationship between the medical profession and professionally-based fiction (PBF). It is generally agreed that medical thrillers, whose specific features as a sub-group of the PBF genre are presented in this paper, are a rather accurate reflection of the world of medicine. The author shows that, beneath the surface, medical PBF integrates the specific nature of the discourse and practices of the medical community into the paratextual, narrative and linguistic fabric of medical suspense novels. In order to better understand the links between professional background and fiction, the author presents the answers to a questionnaire submitted to four doctors-turned-novelists (R. Cook, M. Palmer, L. R. Robinson and T. Gerritsen)

La question de l'objet dans la peinture moderne

Charpy Jean-Pierre. La question de l'objet dans la peinture moderne. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 31 n°336, 1978. L'interprétation psychanalytique des oeuvres. pp. 782-795