The Archaeology of Kṛṣṇa at Tiruveḷḷaṟai, a Site for Tamil Poetry in the 7th–9th Centuries

In many of the oldest known sites of the Pāṇḍya country located not far from the Kāverī River in Tamil Nadu, a dual Hindu obedience, Vaiṣṇava and Śaiva, was developed concomitantly. Alongside these Bhakti deities, others are present in these places of communication with the sacred. As stone figures attached to the site and texts evoking the place are the two means used to give form to their deities, one would expect these two mediums to interact, but it is often difficult to correlate them in the Tamil country of the first millennium. This paper aims at exploring such possible relationships at Tiruveḷḷaṟai, the earliest remains of which date to the 8th c. The site has unique archaeological features, such as a svastika-shaped well and the earliest known depictions of some of Kṛṣṇa’s feats; it inspired hymns of the Tamil Vaiṣṇava devotional corpus, the Divyaprabandham, and offers numerous inscriptions. The link between Śiva, Viṣṇu and local goddesses proves to be as remarkable here as that between texts and archaeology

Archéologie religieuse de l’Inde : monuments, textes, images

Programme de l’année 2006-2007 : Atikāl Kantan Mārampāvai à Tiruchennampunti, aux friches de l’art chol

Archéologie religieuse de l’Inde : monuments, textes, images

Nos recherches portant sur plusieurs temples de village du premier art cōḻa, considéré comme l’âge d’or du Tamil Nâdu, nous ont amenée, en 2008-2009, à l’étude d’une des sources d’inspiration majeures de cette période, le Kailāsanātha de Kāñcīpuram. Ce monument que fit élever à sa gloire le Pallava Rājasiṃha, au début du viiie siècle probablement, constitue le temple-roi de la dynastie des Pallava, qui précédèrent les Cōḻa dans la partie septentrionale du pays tamoul

Épigraphie et iconographie du pays tamoul, du modèle royal pallava au « temple de village » de la période cōḻa

Durant l’année universitaire 2010-2011, on a examiné la transition au pays tamoul d’un art royal, représenté par une poignée de sites durant la période pallava (vie‑ixe siècles), à la multiplication des fondations locales de l’âge cōḻa (ixe‑xiiie siècles). En prenant pour base l’épigraphie et l’iconographie de ces deux corpus, nous avons cherché à retracer comment le modèle royal élaboré par les Pallava est utilisé durant l’âge cōḻa, tant dans les fondations royales de cette dynastie que dans les fondations locales, alors bien plus nombreuses. La structure de l’empire cōḻa fait toujours débat aujourd’hui et l’apport des données pallava comme la prise en compte du réseau de sanctuaires alors édifié en pays tamoul ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives

Decreased skin colonization with Malassezia spp. and increased skin colonization with Candida spp. in patients with severe atopic dermatitis

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which patients are sensitized towards a plethora of allergens. The hosts fungal microbiota, the mycobiota, that is believed to be altered in patients suffering from AD acts as such an allergen. The correlation context of specific sensitization, changes in mycobiota and its impact on disease severity however remains poorly understood. Objectives: We aim to enhance the understanding of the specific sensitization towards the mycobiota in AD patients in relation to their fungal skin colonization. Methods: Sensitization pattern towards the Malassezia spp. and Candida albicans of 16 AD patients and 14 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed with the newly developed multiplex-assay ALEX2® and the established singleplex-assay ImmunoCAP®. We compared these findings with the fungal skin colonization analyzed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1). Results: Sensitization in general and towards Malassezia spp. and C. albicans is increased in AD patients compared to HC with a quantitative difference in severe AD when compared to mild to moderate AD. Further we saw an association between sensitization towards and skin colonization with Candida spp. yet a negative correlation between sensitization towards and skin colonization with Malassezia spp. Conclusion: We conclude that AD in general and severe AD in particular is associated with increased sensitization towards the hosts own mycobiota. There is positive correlation in Candida spp. skin colonization and negative in Malassezia spp. skin colonization when compared to AD, AD severity as well as to specific sensitization patterns

Duodenal ileus caused by a calf feeding nipple in a cow

Background: The aim of this report was to describe duodenal obstruction caused by a rubber foreign body in a cow. Case Presentation: The clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic findings in a five-year-old Swiss Braunvieh cow with duodenal ileus caused by a calf feeding nipple are described. The main clinical signs were anorexia, ruminal tympany, decreased faecal output and abomasal reflux syndrome. Ultrasonographic examination revealed reticular hyperactivity and a dilated duodenum. A diagnosis of duodenal ileus was made and the cow underwent rightflank laparotomy, which revealed a dilation of the cranial part of the duodenum because of obstruction by a pliable foreign body. This was identified via enterotomy as a calf feeding nipple. The cow was healthy at the time of discharge four days after surgery and went on to complete a successful lactation. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of duodenal obstruction by a calf feeding nipple. This is an interesting case, which broadens the spectrum of the causes of duodenal ileus, which is usually caused by obstruction of the duodenum by a phytobezoar

Duodenal ileus caused by a calf feeding nipple in a cow

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this report was to describe duodenal obstruction caused by a rubber foreign body in a cow.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>The clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic findings in a five-year-old Swiss Braunvieh cow with duodenal ileus caused by a calf feeding nipple are described. The main clinical signs were anorexia, ruminal tympany, decreased faecal output and abomasal reflux syndrome. Ultrasonographic examination revealed reticular hyperactivity and a dilated duodenum. A diagnosis of duodenal ileus was made and the cow underwent right-flank laparotomy, which revealed a dilation of the cranial part of the duodenum because of obstruction by a pliable foreign body. This was identified via enterotomy as a calf feeding nipple. The cow was healthy at the time of discharge four days after surgery and went on to complete a successful lactation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first description of duodenal obstruction by a calf feeding nipple. This is an interesting case, which broadens the spectrum of the causes of duodenal ileus, which is usually caused by obstruction of the duodenum by a phytobezoar.</p

Cryptochrome-dependent and -independent circadian entrainment circuits in Drosophila.

　Entrainment to environmental light/dark (LD) cycles is a central function of circadian clocks. In Drosophila, entrainment is achieved by Cryptochrome (CRY) and input from the visual system. During activation by brief light pulses, CRY triggers the degradation of TIMELESS and subsequent shift in circadian phase. This is less important for LD entrainment, leading to questions regarding light input circuits and mechanisms from the visual system. Recent studies show that different subsets of brain pacemaker clock neurons, the morning (M) and evening (E) oscillators, have distinct functions in light entrainment. However, the role of CRY in M and E oscillators for entrainment to LD cycles is unknown. Here, we address this question by selectively expressing CRY in different subsets of clock neurons in a cry-null (cry0) mutant background. We were able to rescue the light entrainment deficits of cry0 mutants by expressing CRY in E oscillators but not in any other clock neurons. Par domain protein 1 molecular oscillations in the E, but not M, cells of cry0 mutants still responded to the LD phase delay. This residual light response was stemming from the visual system because it disappeared when all external photoreceptors were ablated genetically. We concluded that the E oscillators are the targets of light input via CRY and the visual system and are required for normal light entrainment

Strategic Partnerships: MAVAs approach to scaling up conservation impact

The world faces big challenges for nature, society, and the economy. The coming decade is the time we have to find solutions that put us on the right path towards a better future. Today's interconnected and interdependent world requires people and organisations from multiple backgrounds and interests to find a better way to work together on shared objectives in order to find these solutions.MAVA Foundation, whose vision is to create a world where biodiversity thrives and the economy supports human prosperity and a healthy planet, had to step up and walk the talk. In 2016, MAVA embarked with its partners on a transformative journey, aimed at ambitious and sustainable impact through meaningful collaboration.We share our learnings on this approach in a publication collectively written by MAVA and FOS Europe staff, with inputs from MAVA partners