Spider behaviours in response to insecticide exposure

Spider behaviours in response to insecticide exposur

Characteristics and summary findings of included studies

<p>Characteristics and summary findings of included studies</p

Review stages based on PRISMA Flow Diagram[36]

<p>Review stages based on PRISMA Flow Diagram[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0167204#pone.0167204.ref036" target="_blank">36</a>]</p

Causes and potential contributory factors of informal carers’ MAEs

<p>Causes and potential contributory factors of informal carers’ MAEs</p

Proportion of Colorado potato beetle crossing a mixed border.

<p>Proportion of <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i> leaving the potato plot by crossing the mixed border: woodland, timothy, soil (bare ground) or soil (bare ground) rotated 180° from the previous one. Values <0.25 indicate a bias against crossing the border because the mixed border constitutes 25% of the perimeter of the potato plot. Crossings at the potato/soil border did not differ significantly from random (χ² = 9.56, df = 1, P = 0.002). Differences between expected and observed values for the other treatments could not be tested using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test because of the low crossing frequencies in spite of the large number of replications.</p

Distribution of turning angles for walking Colorado potato beetles.

<p>The frequency (number) distribution of turning angles (degrees) characterizing the movement of tagged adult Colorado potato beetles (pooled data) in small, medium, and large potato patches throughout the summer of 2012 in Fredericton.</p

Disease and vaccination appraisal: key emerging themes and illustrative quotes.

<p>Disease and vaccination appraisal: key emerging themes and illustrative quotes.</p

Characteristics of potato plots used for the release of electronically tagged and marked Colorado potato beetles in 2012.

1<p>Number of tagged Colorado potato beetles released daily over three consecutive days each test week.</p

Walking moves away and towards potato/bare ground borders.

<p>Percentage of total moves by tracked adult Colorado potato beetles oriented away and towards bare ground borders in small (A), medium (B) and large (C) size potato plots (as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095717#pone-0095717-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) in 2012. The border row starts at 0 m.</p

Diagrammatic representation of field plots in 2011 (A) and 2012 (B).

<p>Mixed borders are represented by  =  =  =  =  in (A). In 2012, plots 2, 4, 9 were 4×4 m, 1, 6, 8 were 8×8 m and 3, 5, 7 were 16×16 m (see also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095717#pone-0095717-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>).</p