The timeline of putative selective events at two loci with alleles refractory to sigma virus infection.

<p>At the <i>ref(3)D</i> locus, a selective sweep occurred between 25 and 240 years ago (indicated in green), reducing the frequency of the susceptible A allele (shown in blue) and increasing the frequency of the resistant B allele (yellow) to over 80%. The first unique features of the B allele have been dated to 90,000 years ago. The highly resistant C allele (red) is present in only one of the lines tested. At the <i>ref(2)P</i> locus, the GLU-ASP resistance allele is present at about 20% frequency in some contemporary populations, and is believed to have arisen 1,000–7,000 years ago.</p

Cyp305

Alleles of intron of Cyp305 from Helicoverpa armiger

SCAP

Alleles of intron of the Scap locus from Helicoverpa armiger

Cyp303_arm

Alleles of intron of Cyp303 from Helicoverpa armiger

Apt

Allele sequences of the Apterous locus from Helicoverpa armiger

down3

Alleles of region 3kb away from Cyp303 from Helicoverpa armiger

Tpi

Alleles of intron of the Tpi locus from Helicoverpa armiger

Phc

Alleles of intron of the Phc locus from Helicoverpa armiger

up3_final

Alleles of intron of the upstream 3kb from the Cyp303 locus from Helicoverpa armiger

Cyp303_all

Alleles of intron of Cyp303 from Helicoverpa specie