Bondar-Pidhurska O.V., Karangwa Charles. Consumer behavior as a basis formation of main trends of innovative activity development of machine-building enterprises. Актуальні тенденції наукових досліджень у сфері розробки і використання моделей економічної поведінки суб’єктів господарювання: збірник тез доповідей Всеукраїнської науково-практичної конференції здобувачів вищої освіти і молодих учених (6-7 грудня 2021 року, м. Дніпро). Дніпро: УДУНТ, ІПБТ, 2021. 221 с. С. 219-220.

Strengthening the role of socio-psychological aspects of the development of innovation is now becoming an important area of behavioral economics and requires additional research results. Today, the basis for the formation of the main trends in the development of innovation in any industry are the needs, desires and requirements of consumers. Therefore, during the study of machine-building enterprises (in particular, vehicles) it is necessary to focus on their capabilities in changing jobs and leisure; travel planning and coordination, enjoyment or whites of movement; improvement of cars for the disabled; take into account the experience of being behind the wheel of a driver. Thus, the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the XXI century in all socially oriented countries requires taking into account consumer behavior in the management of innovation and increase its efficiency in the automotive industry as one of the basic sectors of the national econom.The selected trends, which are based on the desire of consumers to feel comfortable, should be taken into account when developing and implementing strategies and models of behavior of mechanical engineering enterprises, in particular when managing their innovation activities.

Bondar-Pidhurska O.V., Karangwa Charles. Socio-psychological aspects of innovation management of automotive companies: the main trends. «Сучасний менеджмент: тенденції, проблеми та перспективи розвитку»: матеріали VІІІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (м. Дніпро, 3 грудня 2021 р.) Дніпро: Університет імені Альфреда Нобеля, 2021. 262 с. С.109-110.

During the implementation of the goals of sustainable development of the XXI century, the issues of intensification of innovation and improving the efficiency of its management in the automotive industry as one of the basic sectors of the national economy become especially relevant. In addition, strengthening the role of socio-psychological aspects as a direction of behavioral economics now requires additional research results. The main desires of consumers are the basis for the formation of basic trends in the industry, which must be taken into account when managing innovation activities of enterprises. Therefore, it is worth focusing on how autonomous vehicles can change opportunities for work and leisure; how to plan and coordinate travel, sensual pleasures and pain from movement; take into account the experience of joint presence behind the wheel; improving cars for the disabledThese trends should be taken into account in the management of innovation activities of machine-building enterprises, in particular at the stage of basic research and commercialization, as well as in the development and use of models of behavior of economic entities.

INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY AS A TOOL TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF CORPORATIONS IN CONDITIONS NON-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY

Innovation is a tool to increase the competitiveness of corporations in the format of the neo-industrial economy, which creates the necessary conditions for achieving the goals of sustainable development of the 21st century. This will make future generations more progressive than they are today.Bondar-Pidgurska O.V., Karangwa Charles, Kalu Robinson Abuchi. Innovative activity as a tool to increase the competitiveness of corporations in conditions non-industrial economy. Інноваційний розвиток та безпека підприємств в умовах неоіндустріального суспільства: матеріали міжнародної науково-практичної інтернет-конференції учнів, студентів, аспірантів і молодих вчених (27 жовтня 2020 року, м. Луцьк). С. 40-4

The Use of Benzoyl-Dl-Arginine-Naphthylamide (Bana) Test as A Screening Test for Mother at Risk for Delivery of Pre-Term and Low Birth Weight in A Rwandan Population

Oral infections can act as the site of origin for dissemination of periodonto-bacteria and their toxins as well as induce inflammatory mechanisms to distant body sites, thus linking periodontal diseases to pre-term delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) infants. Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Researchers showed that between 18 and 50 % of all pre-term deliveries are associated with periodontal disease. Porphyromonasgingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia are among the subgingival microflora most frequently associated with periodontal disease. The presence of these bacteria can be identified by their ability to hydrolyse BANA. BANA is a rapid and effective diagnostic aid shown to correlate well with the clinical indices used to diagnose periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the presence of member of the red complex (BANA positive species) in subgingival plaque and pre-term delivery of low birth weight in a Rwandan population. Three clinical indices (PI,GI and PD) were measured for each patient. Plaque sample were collected by inserting a sterile probe into the base of the pocket and this served for the measurement of the BANA enzyme test. The age of the population study was between 18 and 47 years with a mean of 30.8(+or-5.34). Among the 450 women examined, 57.1 % had a PI score of 2, 56.0 % had GI score of 2 and 89.6 % had a PD between 4-6 mm. At a level of 5%, a significant association of p-value=0.000 was found between PI vs BANA, GI vs BANA and PD vs BANA. No significant association (p-value=0.073) was found between BANA and mothers who delivered preterm of low birth weight (PLBW). In conclusion, findings of this study showed that BANA cannot be used for now as screening test for mother at risk for preterm delivery, while waiting for a multicenter study which will help to verify the cause of these discrepancies of results. In the other hand we can recommend BANA to be used as a routine test for the detection of periodontal disease due it strong relationship with clinical indices used to diagnose periodontal disease

Health trends, inequalities and opportunities in South Africa's provinces, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study.

BACKGROUND: Over the last 30 years, South Africa has experienced four 'colliding epidemics' of HIV and tuberculosis, chronic illness and mental health, injury and violence, and maternal, neonatal, and child mortality, which have had substantial effects on health and well-being. Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019), we evaluated national and provincial health trends and progress towards important Sustainable Development Goal targets from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We analysed GBD 2019 estimates of mortality, non-fatal health loss, summary health measures and risk factor burden, comparing trends over 1990-2007 and 2007-2019. Additionally, we decomposed changes in life expectancy by cause of death and assessed healthcare system performance. RESULTS: Across the nine provinces, inequalities in mortality and life expectancy increased over 1990-2007, largely due to differences in HIV/AIDS, then decreased over 2007-2019. Demographic change and increases in non-communicable diseases nearly doubled the number of years lived with disability between 1990 and 2019. From 1990 to 2019, risk factor burdens generally shifted from communicable and nutritional disease risks to non-communicable disease and injury risks; unsafe sex remained the top risk factor. Despite widespread improvements in healthcare system performance, the greatest gains were generally in economically advantaged provinces. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in HIV/AIDS and related conditions have led to improved health since 2007, though most provinces still lag in key areas. To achieve health targets, provincial governments should enhance health investments and exchange of knowledge, resources and best practices alongside populations that have been left behind, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic

Effect test of Industrial Organic Manure on the Physical Growth and Yield Performance of Bean in Bugesera District Environment. Case of Earth Boost fertilizer on Colta variety

peer reviewedThe study was designed to test the Earth Boost effect on physical growth and yield performance of bean. Four fertilizer compositions were thus compared to the control (untreated) in Completely Randomized Block experimental design with 6 replications; where Earth Boost was compared to the traditional organic manure (cow dung) on the one hand, and between the combinations of each with the diammonium phosphate, DAP. The observations and data collected focused mainly on the height, stem girth, the number of leaves and the yield of bean plants as well as their respective analysis of variance allowing assessing the effect of treatments on the physical growth and yield. The results overall showed the efficiency of EB on the growth in height, leaf and stem girth development as well as on yield. Therefore, the additional yield performance obtained by its use or in substitution of traditional organic manure constitutes economic reasons for introduction of this new factor into the system of production

Determination of blood concentration levels of psychotrope medications in Rwandan patients

OBJECTIVES: In Rwanda, no therapeutic monitoring of psychotropic drugs is done. This results in difficult treatment optimisation and exposition to a high risk of toxicity and drug ineffectiveness for patients under treatment. This study aimed to determine blood concentration levels of psychotropic drugs in Rwandan patients and identify problems associated with the lack of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these drugs. METHODS: The analysis was performed on 1 ml of serum sample using prazepam as internal standard. Regarding the step of sample preparation, we used a liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of organic solvents: diethyl ether/dichloromethane/hexane/n-amyl alcohol (50/30/20/0.5:V/V). A Waters Alliance 2695 was used for analysis. The chromatography was run on a Symmetry C8 column and as mobile phase acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.8) were used. RESULTS: Concerning the results, serum samples from 128 patients were analysed. Twenty-one different psychotropic drugs belonging to various pharmacological classes were detected and quantified. Analytical results were put into three categories based upon therapeutic reference ranges (TRR) of various drugs: subtherapeutic, therapeutic and supratherapeutic. For a total of 237 analyses, results within TRR represented 46% while 47 and 8% of results were, respectively, below and above TRR. CONCLUSION: It was therefore concluded that patients under psychotropic treatment in Rwanda are exposed to both the risk of drug ineffectiveness and the risk of toxicity (54%) with only 46% of results within the TRR. Consequently, TDM is needed to optimise psychotropic treatment in Rwandan patients

Transfer of high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method for determination in serum of psychotropic drugs

peer reviewedThe relevance of the determination of blood concentration levels of psychotropic drugs has been demonstrated in Rwanda. However, due to the lack of appropriate analytical methods, such activity is not carried out in this country. Objective: The aim of this work was to transfer to a Rwandan laboratory a High Performance Liquid Chromatography based method, applicable for the determination in serum of psychotropic drugs commonly prescribed in Rwanda. Method: Liquid-liquid extraction using prazepam as internal standard was used for sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Symmetry C8 analytical column, using acetonitrile and a phosphate buffer as mobile phase. The method was validated with respect to total error concept as decision criterion. Results: The validated method was linear over tested dosing intervals with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 for all analytes. The precision was good with RSD between 1.3 and 15.6 % and the trueness ranged between 87 and 109 %. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated as well. Conclusion: The analytical method allowing a simultaneous determination in serum of several antipsychotropic drugs was successfully validated and thus transferred to the Laboratory of Analysis of Foodstuffs, Drugs, Water and Toxics (Rwanda)

The transfer of a high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method for the determination in serum of psychotropic drugs

The relevance of the determination of blood concentration levels of psychotropic drugs has been demonstrated in Rwanda. However, due to the lack of appropriate analytical methods, such activity is not carried out in this country. Objective: The aim of this work was to transfer to a Rwandan laboratory a High Performance Liquid Chromatography based method, applicable for the determination in serum of psychotropic drugs commonly prescribed in Rwanda. Method: Liquid-liquid extraction using prazepam as internal standard was used for sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Symmetry C8 analytical column, using acetonitrile and a phosphate buffer as mobile phase. The method was validated with respect to total error concept as decision criterion. Results: The validated method was linear over tested dosing intervals with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 for all analytes. The precision was good with RSD between 1.3 and 15.6 % and the trueness ranged between 87 and 109 %. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated as well. Conclusion: The analytical method allowing a simultaneous determination in serum of several antipsychotropic drugs was successfully validated and thus transferred to the Laboratory of Analysis of Foodstuffs, Drugs, Water and Toxics (Rwanda)

Bondar-Pidhurska O.V., Karangwa Charles, Ammar Ahmed Omar Ali. Management of competitiveness of enterprises in conditions of hybrid threats of sustainable development: innovative technologies and ecosconsciousness. Управління та адміністрування в умовах протидії гібридним загрозам національній безпеці: матеріали ІІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (м. Київ, 7 грудня 2021 року). К.: ДУІТ, ХНУРЕ. 2021. 694 с. С. 209-211.

Environmental degradation, lack of the necessary access to natural resources and the cross-border movement of hazardous materials increase the likelihood of conflicts and thus pose threats not only to the safety of individuals and enterprises, but also to the national security of entire countries.Countering hybrid challenges should involve the development and implementation of new innovative technologies aimed at reducing harmful emissions into the environment. At the same time, the issue of formation of ecological consciousness of employees and the ecological code of enterprises that have an impact on the environment is actualized. Therefore, innovative technologies and environmental awareness should be considered as factors in managing the competitiveness of enterprises in the face of hybrid threats to sustainable development today. A complete reorientation of human values, notions of justice, behavior and technology is needed. We must all become voluntary helpers of the Earth.