55 research outputs found
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Intact global cognitive and olfactory ability predicts lack of transition to dementia
Introduction: Odor identification deficits characterize Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. We examined if intact performance on brief cognitive and odor identification tests predicts lack of transition to dementia.
Methods: In an urban community, 1037 older adults without dementia completed the 40‐item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, which includes the 12‐item Brief Smell Identification Test (B‐SIT). Data from 749 participants followed up for 4 years were analyzed.
Results: In covariate‐adjusted survival analyses, impairment on the Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration Test and B‐SIT each predicted dementia (n = 109), primarily Alzheimer's disease (n = 101). Among participants with intact olfactory (B‐SIT ≥ 11/12 correct) and cognitive (Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration Test ≤ 5/28 incorrect) ability, 3.4% (4/117) transitioned to dementia during follow‐up with no transitions in the 70‐75 and 81‐83 years age group quartiles.
Discussion: Odor identification testing adds value to global cognitive testing, and together can identify individuals who rarely transition to dementia, thereby avoiding unnecessary diagnostic investigation
Between Convergence and Exceptionalism: Americans and the British Model of Labor Relations, c. 1867–1920
Comparative methods for studying cultural trait evolution: A simulation study
Anthropologists and archaeologists increasingly use phylogenetic methods to test hypotheses involving cross-cultural traits, but the appropriateness of applying tree-based methods to analyze cultural traits is unclear. The authors developed a spatially explicit computer simulation model to investigate trait evolution in relation to phylogeny and geography and used the simulation to assess the sensitivity of two comparative methods (independent contrasts and partial Mantel tests) to different degrees of horizontal transmission. Simulation results show that (a) the method of independent contrasts is sensitive to even small amounts of horizontal transmission in cultural data sets, (b) Mantel tests fail to cleanly discriminate between datasets characterized by different levels of horizontal and vertical trait transmission, and (c) partial Mantel tests do not produce markedly improved statistical performance when testing for associations among traits (as compared to independent contrasts). The results highlight the need for empirical estimates of horizontal transmission and extinction rates in cross-cultural datasets
Changes in gene frequencies at the octanol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster imposed by environmental ethanol
Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratios Under Basel III: Stress Testing and Sensitivity Analysis on Egyptian Banks
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