9,428 research outputs found
Three-Dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Trap
We investigate the properties of an atom under the influence of a synthetic
three-dimensional spin-orbit coupling (Weyl coupling) in the presence of a
harmonic trap. The conservation of total angular momentum provides a
numerically efficient scheme for finding the spectrum and eigenfunctions of the
system. We show that at large spin-orbit coupling the system undergoes
dimensional reduction from three to one dimension at low energies, and the
spectrum is approximately Landau level-like. At high energies, the spectrum is
approximately given by the three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator. We
explore the properties of the ground state in both position and momentum space.
We find the ground state has spin textures with oscillations set by the
spin-orbit length scale
Cytotoxicity in the Age of Nano: The Role of Fourth Period Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Physicochemical Properties
A clear understanding of physicochemical factors governing nanoparticle toxicity is still in its infancy. We used a systematic approach to delineate physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that govern cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of fourth period metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs): TiO2, Cr2O3, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, and ZnO increases with the atomic number of the transition metal oxide. This trend was not cell-type specific, as observed in non-transformed human lung cells (BEAS-2B) and human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived cells (A549). Addition of NPs to the cell culture medium did not significantly alter pH. Physiochemical properties were assessed to discover the determinants of cytotoxicity: (1) point-of-zero charge (PZC) (i.e., isoelectric point) described the surface charge of NPs in cytosolic and lysosomal compartments; (2) relative number of available binding sites on the NP surface quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to estimate the probability of biomolecular interactions on the particle surface; (3) band-gap energy measurements to predict electron abstraction from NPs which might lead to oxidative stress and subsequent cell death; and (4) ion dissolution. Our results indicate that cytotoxicity is a function of particle surface charge, the relative number of available surface binding sites, and metal ion dissolution from NPs. These findings provide a physicochemical basis for both risk assessment and the design of safer nanomaterials
Global Topology and Local Violation of Discrete Symmetries
Cosmological models that are locally consistent with general relativity and
the standard model in which an object transported around the universe undergoes
P, C and CP transformations, are constructed. This leads to generalization of
the gauge fields that describe electro-weak and strong interactions by
enlarging the gauge groups to include anti-unitary transformations. Gedanken
experiments show that if all interactions obey Einstein causality then P, C and
CP cannot be violated in these models. But another model, which would violate
charge superselection rule even for an isolated system, is allowed. It is
suggested that the fundamental physical laws must have these discrete
symmetries which are broken spontaneously, or they must be non causal.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, latex, Revtex. Charge conjugation which is
physically implemented in a cosmology with the appropriate topology is
described in more detail. Some minor errors are corrected. Shortened to meet
the page limit of Physical Review Letters to which this paper was submitte
Two Higgs Bi-doublet Left-Right Model With Spontaneous P and CP Violation
A left-right symmetric model with two Higgs bi-doublet is shown to be a
consistent model for both spontaneous P and CP violation. The flavor changing
neutral currents can be suppressed by the mechanism of approximate global U(1)
family symmetry. We calculate the constraints from neural meson mass
difference and demonstrate that a right-handed gauge boson
contribution in box-diagrams with mass well below 1 TeV is allowed due to a
cancellation caused by a light charged Higgs boson with a mass range GeV. The contribution to can be suppressed from
appropriate choice of additional CP phases appearing in the right-handed
Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The model is also found to be fully
consistent with mass difference , and the mixing-induced CP
violation quantity , which is usually difficult for the
model with only one Higgs bi-doublet. The new physics beyond the standard model
can be directly searched at the colliders LHC and ILC.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, 1 figure added, published
versio
8-Methoxy-3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-6-(prop-1-enyl)chroman-4-one
In the title compound, C21H20O3, the tolyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 31.11 (6)° with the benzene ring of the chromanone unit. The pyrone ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The molecular structure is stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H⋯O interaction and the crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions and a C—H⋯π interaction
Ultrafast control of donor-bound electron spins with single detuned optical pulses
The ability to control spins in semiconductors is important in a variety of
fields including spintronics and quantum information processing. Due to the
potentially fast dephasing times of spins in the solid state [1-3], spin
control operating on the picosecond or faster timescale may be necessary. Such
speeds, which are not possible to attain with standard electron spin resonance
(ESR) techniques based on microwave sources, can be attained with broadband
optical pulses. One promising ultrafast technique utilizes single broadband
pulses detuned from resonance in a three-level Lambda system [4]. This
attractive technique is robust against optical pulse imperfections and does not
require a fixed optical reference phase. Here we demonstrate the principle of
coherent manipulation of spins theoretically and experimentally. Using this
technique, donor-bound electron spin rotations with single-pulse areas
exceeding pi/4 and two-pulses areas exceeding pi/2 are demonstrated. We believe
the maximum pulse areas attained do not reflect a fundamental limit of the
technique and larger pulse areas could be achieved in other material systems.
This technique has applications from basic solid-state ESR spectroscopy to
arbitrary single-qubit rotations [4, 5] and bang-bang control[6] for quantum
computation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted 12/2008. Since the submission of this
work we have become aware of related work: J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N.
G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 320: 349-352 (2008
Utilization of a novel digital measurement tool for quantitative assessment of upper extremity motor dexterity: a controlled pilot study.
BackgroundThe current methods of assessing motor function rely primarily on the clinician's judgment of the patient's physical examination and the patient's self-administered surveys. Recently, computerized handgrip tools have been designed as an objective method to quantify upper-extremity motor function. This pilot study explores the use of the MediSens handgrip as a potential clinical tool for objectively assessing the motor function of the hand.MethodsEleven patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) were followed for three months. Eighteen age-matched healthy participants were followed for two months. The neuromotor function and the patient-perceived motor function of these patients were assessed with the MediSens device and the Oswestry Disability Index respectively. The MediSens device utilized a target tracking test to investigate the neuromotor capacity of the participants. The mean absolute error (MAE) between the target curve and the curve tracing achieved by the participants was used as the assessment metric. The patients' adjusted MediSens MAE scores were then compared to the controls. The CSM patients were further classified as either "functional" or "nonfunctional" in order to validate the system's responsiveness. Finally, the correlation between the MediSens MAE score and the ODI score was investigated.ResultsThe control participants had lower MediSens MAE scores of 8.09%±1.60%, while the cervical spinal disorder patients had greater MediSens MAE scores of 11.24%±6.29%. Following surgery, the functional CSM patients had an average MediSens MAE score of 7.13%±1.60%, while the nonfunctional CSM patients had an average score of 12.41%±6.32%. The MediSens MAE and the ODI scores showed a statistically significant correlation (r=-0.341, p<1.14×10⁻⁵). A Bland-Altman plot was then used to validate the agreement between the two scores. Furthermore, the percentage improvement of the the two scores after receiving the surgical intervention showed a significant correlation (r=-0.723, p<0.04).ConclusionsThe MediSens handgrip device is capable of identifying patients with impaired motor function of the hand. The MediSens handgrip scores correlate with the ODI scores and may serve as an objective alternative for assessing motor function of the hand
Spitzer 70~m Emission as a SFR Indicator for Sub--Galactic Regions
We use Spitzer 24 m, 70 m and ground based H data for a
sample of 40 SINGS galaxies to establish a star formation rate (SFR) indicator
using 70 m emission for sub--galactic ()
line-emitting regions and to investigate limits in application. A linear
correlation between 70 m and SFR is found and a star formation indicator
SFR(70) is proposed for line-emitting sub-galactic regions as $\rm \Sigma(SFR)\
({M_{\odot}\cdot yr^{-1}\cdot kpc^{-2}})=9.4\times10^{-44}\ \Sigma(70)\
\rm{(ergs\cdot s^{-1}\cdot kpc^{-2})}12+\rm{log(O/H)}\gtrsim8.4\rm \Sigma(SFR)\gtrsim10^{-3}\
(M_{\odot}\cdot yr^{-1}\cdot kpc^{-2})\sigma\sim0.16\mu\sim40%\mu$m emission in galaxies, which can be attributed to stellar populations not
involved in the current star formation activity.Comment: 36 pages, 1 table, 18 figures, accepted by Ap
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Magnesium intake, plasma C-peptide, and colorectal cancer incidence in US women: a 28-year follow-up study
Background: Laboratory studies suggest a possible role of magnesium intake in colorectal carcinogenesis but epidemiological evidence is inconclusive. Method: We tested magnesium–colorectal cancer hypothesis in the Nurses' Health Study, in which 85 924 women free of cancer in 1980 were followed until June 2008. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (MV RRs, 95% confidence intervals). Results: In the age-adjusted model, magnesium intake was significantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk; the RRs from lowest to highest decile of total magnesium intake were 1.0 (ref), 0.93, 0.81, 0.72, 0.74, 0.77, 0.72, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.67 (Ptrend<0.001). However, in the MV model adjusted for known dietary and non-dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer, the association was significantly attenuated; the MV RRs were 1.0 (ref), 0.96, 0.85, 0.78, 0.82, 0.86, 0.84, 0.91, 1.02, and 0.93 (Ptrend=0.77). Similarly, magnesium intakes were significantly inversely associated with concentrations of plasma C-peptide in age-adjusted model (Ptrend=0.002) but not in multivariate-adjusted model (Ptrend=0.61). Results did not differ by subsite or modified by calcium intakes or body mass index. Conclusion: These prospective results do not support an independent association of magnesium intake with either colorectal cancer risk or plasma C-peptide levels in women
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