Sleep, diet and physical activity among adults living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Objective: To document sleep/insomnia, fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA) according to diabetes presence and type and biological sex, as these three lifestyle habits may influence glycemic control and prevention of diabetes-related complications. Method: Adults between 18-64 years of age were invited to complete validated Web-based self-reported questionnaires assessing sleep, insomnia, FV consumption and PA. Pregnant women and shift workers were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 151 adults (80.1% women), of which 54 had diabetes (type 1 [T1D]: 30 and type 2 [T2D]: 24), completed the questionnaires. Sleep quality scores were significantly higher, indicating poorer sleep quality, according to diabetes presence (diabetes: 7.2±3.5 vs. no diabetes: 5.4±3.5, p=0.0024) and type (T1D: 6.1±2.9 vs. T2D: 8.7±3.8, p=0.0072). Sleep duration was significantly shorter among adults living with diabetes (diabetes: 7.0±1.7 hours/night vs. no diabetes: 7.8±1.3 hours/night, p=0.0019), regardless of type. More adults living with diabetes had moderate to severe clinical insomnia (diabetes: 25.9% vs. no diabetes: 10.4%, p=0.0129), especially those with T2D (T1D: 13.3% vs. T2D: 41.7%, p = 0.0182). FV consumption and PA did not significantly vary according to diabetes presence and type. Only PA differed by biological sex with lower PA among women. Discussion: The results suggest that adults living with diabetes, especially those with T2D, are at higher risk for short and poor sleep quality, and clinical insomnia. Conclusions: Adults living with diabetes, especially those with T2D, should have access to effective sleep interventions to prevent complications associated with elevated glucose levels.Objectifs L’objectif de nos travaux était de documenter le sommeil et l’insomnie, la consommation de fruits et de légumes (FL) et l’activité physique (AP) en fonction de la présence et du type de diabète, et du sexe biologique, puisque ces 3 habitudes de vie peuvent influencer la régulation de la glycémie et la prévention des complications liées au diabète. Méthodes Nous avons invité des adultes âgés de 18 à 64 ans à remplir des questionnaires valides d’autoévaluation en ligne qui portaient sur le sommeil, l’insomnie, la consommation de FL et l’AP. Nous avons exclu de l’étude les femmes enceintes et les travailleurs de quart. Résultats Un total de 151 adultes (80,1 % de femmes), parmi lesquels 54 avaient le diabète (type 1 [DT1], n = 30; type 2 [DT2], n = 24), ont rempli les questionnaires. Les scores sur la qualité du sommeil étaient significativement plus élevés, c’est-à-dire qu’ils indiquaient une moins bonne qualité de sommeil, en fonction de la présence de diabète (diabète, 7,2 ± 3,5; aucun diabète, 5,4 ± 3,5; p = 0,0024) et du type de diabète (DT1, 6,1 ± 2,9; DT2, 8,7 ± 3,8; p = 0,0072). La durée du sommeil était significativement plus courte chez les adultes qui vivaient avec le diabète (diabète, 7,0 ± 1,7 heures/nuit; aucun diabète, 7,8 ± 1,3 heures/nuit; p = 0,0019), indépendamment du type. Davantage d’adultes qui vivaient avec le diabète avaient une insomnie clinique modérée à importante (diabète, 25,9 %; aucun diabète, 10,4 %; p = 0,0129), particulièrement ceux atteints du DT2 (DT1, 13,3 %; DT2, 41,7 %; p = 0,0182). La consommation de FL et l’AP ne variaient pas de façon significative en fonction de la présence et du type de diabète. Seule l’AP différait selon le sexe biologique, c’est-à-dire une AP moindre chez les femmes. Conclusions Les résultats montrent que les adultes qui vivent avec le diabète, particulièrement le DT2, sont exposés à un risque plus élevé de courte durée de sommeil et de mauvaise qualité de sommeil, et d’insomnie clinique. Les adultes qui vivent avec le diabète, particulièrement ceux qui vivent avec le DT2, devraient avoir accès à des interventions efficaces sur le sommeil pour prévenir les complications associées à une glycémie élevée

Quality at the Point of Service: Profiles of Practice in After‐School Settings

A unique observational data set was used to explore quality at the point of service in after‐school programs. Staff practices in after‐school settings were represented on a series of unidimensional scales closely indexed to staff behavior. In order to account for heterogeneity of staff performances, pattern‐centered methods were used to construct profiles of common staff practices. Results revealed six pedagogy profiles that were classified in terms of three broad types of performances delivered by after‐school staff: (1) positive youth development, (2) staff‐centered, and (3) low‐quality. Staff membership in these profiles was not related to youth‐staff ratio. However, results revealed significant differences between the profiles on the content of the offering and the age of youth in the setting.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116957/1/ajcp9315.pd

Distinct effects of inflammation on preconditioning and regeneration of the adult zebrafish heart

The adult heart is able to activate cardioprotective programmes and modifies its architecture in response to physiological or pathological changes. While mammalian cardiac remodelling often involves hypertrophic expansion, the adult zebrafish heart exploits hyperplastic growth. This capacity depends on the responsiveness of zebrafish cardiomyocytes to mitogenic signals throughout their entire life. Here, we have examined the role of inflammation on the stimulation of cell cycle activity in the context of heart preconditioning and regeneration. We used thoracotomy as a cardiac preconditioning model and cryoinjury as a model of cardiac infarction in the adult zebrafish. First, we performed a spatio-temporal characterization of leucocytes and cycling cardiac cells after thoracotomy. This analysis revealed a concomitance between the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the stimulation of the mitotic activity. However, decreasing the immune response using clodronate liposome injection, PLX3397 treatment or anti-inflammatory drugs surprisingly had no effect on the re- entry of cardiac cells into the cell cycle. In contrast, reducing inflammation using the same strategies after cryoinjury strongly impaired cardiac cell mitotic activity and the regenerative process. Taken together, our results show that, while the immune response is not necessary to induce cell-cycle activity in intact preconditioned hearts, inflammation is required for the regeneration of injured hearts in zebrafish

Preconditioning boosts regenerative programmes in the adult zebrafish heart

During preconditioning, exposure to a non-lethal harmful stimulus triggers a body-wide increase of survival and pro-regenerative programmes that enable the organism to better withstand the deleterious effects of subsequent injuries. This phenomenon has first been described in the mammalian heart, where it leads to a reduction of infarct size and limits the dysfunction of the injured organ. Despite its important clinical outcome, the actual mechanisms underlying preconditioning-induced cardioprotection remain unclear. Here, we describe two independent models of cardiac preconditioning in the adult zebrafish. As noxious stimuli, we used either a thoracotomy procedure or an induction of sterile inflammation by intraperitoneal injection of immunogenic particles. Similar to mammalian preconditioning, the zebrafish heart displayed increased expression of cardioprotective genes in response to these stimuli. As zebrafish cardiomyocytes have an endogenous proliferative capacity, preconditioning further elevated the re-entry into the cell cycle in the intact heart. This enhanced cycling activity led to a long-term modification of the myocardium architecture. Importantly, the protected phenotype brought beneficial effects for heart regeneration within one week after cryoinjury, such as a more effective cell-cycle reentry, enhanced reactivation of embryonic gene expression at the injury border, and improved cell survival shortly after injury. This study reveals that exposure to antecedent stimuli induces adaptive responses that render the fish more efficient in the activation of the regenerative programmes following heart damage. Our results open a new field of research by providing the adult zebrafish as a model system to study remote cardiac preconditioning

Empirical Removal of Tides and Inverse Barometer Effect on DInSAR From Double DInSAR and a Regional Climate Model

Ice shelves-the floating extensions of the Antarctic ice sheet-regulate the Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise by restraining the grounded ice flowing from upstream. Therefore, ice-shelf change (e.g., ice-shelf thinning) results in accelerated ice discharge into the ocean, which has a direct effect on sea level. Studying ice-shelf velocity allows the monitoring of the ice shelves' stability and evolution. Differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) is a common technique from which highly accurate velocity maps can be inferred at high resolution. Because ice shelves are afloat, small sea-level changes-i.e., ocean tides and varying atmospheric pressure (aka inverse barometer effect) lead to vertical displacements. If not accounted for in the interferometric process, these effects will induce a strong bias in the horizontal velocity estimation. In this article, we present an empirical DInSAR correction technique from geophysical models and double DInSAR, with a study on its variance propagation. The method is developed to be used at large coverage on short timescales, essential for the near-continuous monitoring of rapidly changing areas on polar ice sheets. We used Sentinel-1 SAR acquisitions in interferometric wide and extra -wide swath modes. The vertical interferometric bias is estimated using a regional climate model (MAR) and a tide model (CATS2008). The study area is located on the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Results show a major decrease (67 m·a -1 ) in the vertical-induced displacement bias.Fil: Glaude, Quentin. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Amory, Charles. Universite de Liege. Faculty Of Applied Sciences.; BélgicaFil: Berger, Sophie. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung; Alemania. Université Libre de Bruxelles; BélgicaFil: Derauw, Dominique Maurice. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pattyn, Frank. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica. Université Libre de Bruxelles; BélgicaFil: Barbier, Christian. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Orban, Anne. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgic