138 research outputs found
Diosgenin, a plant steroid, induces apoptosis in human rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes with cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression
In the present study, we have shown for the first time that a plant steroid, diosgenin, causes an inhibition of the growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human rheumatoid arthritis, with apoptosis induction associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, provoked a large decrease in diosgenin-induced apoptosis even in the presence of exogenous prostaglandin E(2), whereas interleukin-1β, a COX-2 inducer, strongly increased diosgenin-induced apoptosis of these synoviocytes. These findings suggest that the proapoptotic effect of diosgenin is associated with overexpression of COX-2 correlated with overproduction of endogenous prostaglandin E(2). We also observed a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation after diosgenin treatment
Distal humerus fractures in patients over 65: Complications
SummaryIntroductionFractures of the distal humerus in patients over the age of 65 remain a therapeutic challenge. Treatment options include conservative treatment, internal fixation or total elbow arthroplasty. The complications of these different treatment options were evaluated in a multicentre study.Materials and methodsFour hundred and ninety-seven medical records were evaluated. A retrospective study was performed in 410 cases: 34 received conservative treatment, 289 internal fixation and 87 underwent total elbow arthroplasty. A prospective study was performed in 87 cases: 22 received conservative treatment, 53 internal fixation, and 12 underwent total elbow arthroplasty. Patients were evaluated after at least 6 months follow-up.ResultsThe rate of complications was 30% in the retrospective study and 29% in the prospective study. The rate of complications in the conservative treatment group was 60%, and the main complication was essentially malunion. The rate of complications was 44% in the internal fixation group and included neuropathies, mechanical failure or wound dehiscence. Although complications only developed in 23% of total elbow arthroplasties, they were often more severe than those following other treatments.DiscussionComplications develop in one out of three patients over 65 with distal humerus fractures. Three main types of complications were identified. Neuropathies especially of the ulnar nerve, especially during arthroplasty, must always be identified, the nerve requiring isolation and transposition. Bone complications, due principally to mechanical failure, were found following internal fixation. Despite technical progress, care must be taken not to favor excessive utilization of this treatment option in complex fractures on fragile bone. Although there were relatively fewer complications with total elbow arthroplasty they were more difficult to treat. Ossifications were frequent whatever the surgical option and can jeopardize the functional outcome.Level of evidenceLevel IV
High weekly integral dose and larger fraction size increase risk of fatigue and worsening of functional outcomes following radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
IntroductionWe hypothesized that increasing the pelvic integral dose (ID) and a higher dose per fraction correlate with worsening fatigue and functional outcomes in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). MethodsThe study design was a retrospective analysis of two prospective observational cohorts, REQUITE (development, n=543) and DUE-01 (validation, n=228). Data were available for comorbidities, medication, androgen deprivation therapy, previous surgeries, smoking, age, and body mass index. The ID was calculated as the product of the mean body dose and body volume. The weekly ID accounted for differences in fractionation. The worsening (end of radiotherapy versus baseline) of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 scores in physical/role/social functioning and fatigue symptom scales were evaluated, and two outcome measures were defined as worsening in >= 2 (WS2) or >= 3 (WS3) scales, respectively. The weekly ID and clinical risk factors were tested in multivariable logistic regression analysis. ResultsIn REQUITE, WS2 was seen in 28% and WS3 in 16% of patients. The median weekly ID was 13.1 L center dot Gy/week [interquartile (IQ) range 10.2-19.3]. The weekly ID, diabetes, the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and the dose per fraction were significantly associated with WS2 [AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve) =0.59; 95% CI 0.55-0.63] and WS3 (AUC=0.60; 95% CI 0.55-0.64). The prevalence of WS2 (15.3%) and WS3 (6.1%) was lower in DUE-01, but the median weekly ID was higher (15.8 L center dot Gy/week; IQ range 13.2-19.3). The model for WS2 was validated with reduced discrimination (AUC=0.52 95% CI 0.47-0.61), The AUC for WS3 was 0.58, ConclusionIncreasing the weekly ID and the dose per fraction lead to the worsening of fatigue and functional outcomes in patients with localized PCa treated with EBRT
Endoscopic mucosal resection with anchoring of the snare tip: multicenter retrospective evaluation of effectiveness and safety
International audienc
The relevance of the pharmaceutical market : legal study of the interaction between drug and competition
Le médicament propose de concilier sa finalité sanitaire et la maîtrise budgétaire en empruntant la voie concurrentielle par laquelle le paysage des antagonismes ne cesse de défiler. Convoquant le droit dans son dessein, le médicament lui présente des conditions semblant indépassables ; surtout lorsque dans l'équation s'invite un autre objet paradoxal : le marché. La rencontre d'une demande irrationnelle, insensibilisée à la dépense qui, de surcroit, ne détermine pas seule son besoin, avec une offre naturellement monopolistique oblige l'intrusion de l'État dans les mécanismes de marché. La détermination du marché pertinent, outil économique converti au droit, en devient un précieux outil politique. Offrant d'expliquer le marché en identifiant sa réalité concurrentielle, il oblige à l'analyse de ses structures, des déterminants comportementaux des agents s'y confrontant et, plus que de révéler des pouvoirs de marché qui manquent d'être équilibrés, renseigne sur l'état du marché : son équilibre concurrentiel, sa finalité naturelle ; son équilibre social, sa finalité culturelle. Délimitant le champ d'application du droit de la concurrence, le marché pertinent conditionne la stratégie concurrentielle des opérateurs et cristallise les tensions entre le droit et l'économie. Cette thèse démontre que malgré les typicités du médicament, la méthodologie traditionnelle de définition du marché pertinent demeure opérationnelle dans le secteur pharmaceutique.The definition of the relevant market aims at identifying the competitive constraints that an undertaking faces and, thus, defines the scope of competition law enforcement. Given the antagonisms that characterise the pharmaceutical sector, defining the relevant market in this industry seems to disqualify the classic methodology and points out the tensions between law and economy. The interaction of an irrational demand - one which is insensitive to the expenditures and that doesn't define its needs on its own - with an offer naturally monopolistic, makes the involvement of the State in the market mechanisms strictly necessary to ensure its equilibrium. This thesis demonstrates how the conventional tools used to define relevant product markets remain operational inspite of the idiosyncrasies of the pharmaceutical sector
Radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d'intensité dans les cancers localisés de la prostate (expérience du Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer Val d'Aurelle)
MONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine (341722104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
La technique de Helal modifiée, précurseur du Weil percutané ?
LIMOGES-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Prise en charge chirurgicale des fractures articulaires de la palette humérale du sujét âgé
LIMOGES-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Fractures des plateaux tibiaux (condyles tibiaux) traités par ostéosynthèse percutanée sous controle arthroscopique (revue à long terme)
Introduction : L objectif de cette étude est d évaluer à long terme les résultats cliniques et radiologiques des fractures des plateaux tibiaux traités chirurgicalement par ostéosynthèse percutanée sous contrôle arthroscopique. Matériels et méthodes : Vingt huit patients de 43 ans en moyenne ont été pris en charge par une ostéosynthèse percutanée sous arthroscopique pour des fractures Schatzker I à IV. Les critères d inclusions étaient les fractures fermées, déplacées et un recul minimum de 2 ans. Les résultats cliniques des patients étaient évalués par plusieurs scores internationaux : Intenational Knee Society (IKS), Lysholm, Tegner, Rasmussen. L analyse radiologique utilisait le score radiologique de Rasmussen et la classification d Ahlbäck. L état de satisfaction des patients s appréciait par le score de KOOS. Résultats : Vingt et un patients étaient revus avec un recul moyen de 59.5 mois. L évaluation subjective selon le score de KOOS est bonne voire excellente en dehors de la reprise sportive. Le score IKS moyen est de 85.2 pour le score genou et de 91 pour le score fonction. Le score moyen de Lysholm est de 86 points avec un niveau d activité de Tegner moyen de 4. On retrouve un score moyen de 25.5 points pour les scores de Rasmussen clinique et radiologique. Enfin 47.6% des patients présentent une arthrose radiologique dans la grande majorité débutante. Discussion : Les résultats fonctionnels à long terme sont bons et comparables à ceux des séries à court et moyen terme. En terme d évaluation subjective les patients sont satisfaits excepté en terme de sport. L âge au moment de la chirurgie apparaît comme un facteur pronostic en terme d arthrose. Conclusion : Au vue des résultats fonctionnels à long terme, l ostéosynthèse sous contrôle arthroscopique reste le gold standard pour les fractures des plateaux tibiaux Schatzker I à IV malgré l apparition d arthrose qui reste moins importante que dans la chirurgie à ciel ouvert.LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocSudocFranceF
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