Crystallographic structure and mechanical properties of tantalum coatings on steel deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Tantalum metal exhibits excellent erosion and corrosion resistance property. Hence, tantalum coatings are investigated for protection of steel surface exposed to mechanical stresses, high temperature, and corrosive environment. Such conditions exist inside large army gun barrels. The goal of this work was to contribute to the development of technology for tantalum coating of steel, which would replace the presently used electrochemical chromium deposition. A DC magnetron sputtering process was used to deposit tantalum coatings on steel substrates. In sputtering, tantalum is deposited in two phases: ductile, body-centered cubic (bcc) phase (a-phase) and a metastable, brittle tetragonal ß-phase. Only a-phase of tantalum is considered suitable for protective coatings. Such coatings were successfully deposited on steel substrates heated to 400°C (with Ar sputtering gas) and 350°C (with Kr), and also at room temperature if tantalum nitride interlayers were first deposited on steel substrates. Tantalum phase composition was determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallographic phase of the nitride interlayer, studied by XRD, and its composition measured by the nuclear reaction analysis, showed that the stoichiometric TaN is required for a-phase deposition. Adhesion of sputter deposited tantalum coatings was evaluated using a scratch test method. It was found that strongly adhering a-phase tantalum coatings can be deposited on sputter etched steel substrate with tantalum nitride interlayer, and also on substrates heated to elevated temperatures. Adhesion failure of coatings was different for the ductile a-phase or predominantly a-phase coatings, and the brittle ß-phase coatings, which under an optical microscope revealed numerous small cracks, before delamination. This study confirms the superiority of the a-phase tantalum over ß-phase tantalum in protective coating applications. Parameters of DC magnetron sputtering deposition process for obtaining a-phase tantalum coatings were also determined

Gossypiboma versus Gossip-Boma

Gossypiboma, or a retained surgical sponge, is a rare condition, and it can occur after any surgical intervention that requires use of internal swabs. A case of an eight-year-old girl is presented, who had right minithoracotomy for ASD closure. She was finally diagnosed to have a retained surgical sponge in the right pleural cavity

Analysis and Design of Power Gated Low-Power, High Performance Latch Dynamic Double-Tail Comparator

This paper introduces an elite, low power dynamic hook comparator making utilization of energy gating system with the end goal of diminished power. The comparator has dependably been a heart of simple to advanced converters in VLSI circuits. The lessening in power utilization of comparator eventually diminishes the power utilization in ADC squares. The proposed configuration has been recreated on Tanner EDA at 180nm TSMC and accomplished up to 15% diminishment in power and 71% lessening on kickback clamour from the traditional plans and in view of the present outcomes and investigation. A new low power, elite comparator is proposed, where the circuit of a dynamic twofold tail comparator with power gating procedure is altered for low-power and quick operation even in little supply voltages. With no troubles in circuit plan and by including couple of transistors, the positive criticism amid the recovery is reinforced, which brings about amazingly lessened defer time. Post-design re-enactment brings about a 180nm CMOS innovation gave the examination comes about successfully. It is demonstrated that in the proposed dynamic comparator both the power utilization, defer time, kickback noise is altogether decreased

Microwave Absorption Characteristics Of Substituted Ba 0.5Sr 0.5M xFe (12-2x)O 19 (M = Co ²⁺-Zr 4+ And Co 2+-Ti 4+) Sintered Ferrite At X-band

The microwave reflection loss (RL) of four series of synthesized ferrites, Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxZrxFe(12 - 2x)O19 and Ba0.5Sr0.5CoxTixFe(12 - 2x)O19, have been measured using network analyzer in the frequency range from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. The comprehensive analysis of RL is carried out as a function of substitution, frequency, and thickness. The various models contributing to large RL are described. The composition accompanying maximum microwave absorption is suggested. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Anti-inflammatory activity of Schrebera Swietenioides Roxb. in cream formulation on CD68 expression in mice skin wound

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Schrebera Swietenioides alcohol leaf extract in cream composition in the expression of immunoglobulin CD68 (macrophage) during the wound healing process in the inflammatory stage of mice skin. Materials and Methods: Amount of 12 two-months-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. The mice were allotted into four groups of each, entire surface of each group wound covered by base cream control, sulfadiazine 0.1% cream, alcoholic leaves extract of Schrebera Swietenioides cream 10% and, 15%, respectively. All experiments were performed twice a day for 3 days. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological sections in immunohistochemical of the wounds. CD68 expression was investigated under a microscope. Amount of 12-month-old male mice between 30 and 40 g was used. For surgical procedures, a 2.0 cm skin lesion was also performed under the skin on the vertebrae surrounding each animal. Treatment was performed under local anesthetic with procaine cream. Rats were assigned to four groups each, the entire surface of each group of lesions covered by control cream, 0.1% sulfadiazine cream, alcohol leaf from Schrebera Swietenioides cream respectively at 10% and at 15%. All tests were performed twice a day for 3 days. The lesions were analyzed in sections of tissue with staining of wound immunochemistry. The expression of CD68 was studied under a microscope. Results: The results showed that the cream from the 10% and 15% alcoholic leaves extract of Schrebera Swietenioides revealed moderate immune reaction to CD68 on wound healing. Conclusion: We concluded that the alcoholic leaves extract cream of Schrebera Swietenioides possesses anti-inflammatory activity in wound healing process of mice skin

Enhancement of Performance Metrics of Heterogeneous Wireless Camera Sensor Network with Functionalization of Extensive Zonal Stable Election Protocol using Threshold Amplification and Residual Energy

We report a new improved energy competent and optimized data packet flow protocol with Hierarchical Clustering utilized in Wireless camera Sensor Network.The existing Extensive Zonal Stable Election Protocol has been modified along with the threshold parameters amplification and residual energy. It incorporates dynamic hybrid method with finite number of Member Sensor nodes (MSN) in proximity with the base station share their data directly , while the rest of the farther nodes form a cluster for data transference using Cluster Head. The performance metrics accompanied by heterogeneity, longer network survival and better throughput have been improved. The network field was divided into 4 zones with a gateway for defined region 2, 3, and 4. The criterion for zone division remained on the energy status (residual) of the MSNs and distance from the BS and the formulated field characteristics in the simulation were kept unknown. The obtained results demonstrate that our proposed modified version of EZSE protocol considerably performs better than existing EZ-SEP, Z-SEP, SEP, LEACH, Mod-Leach protocols during entire stability timeframe. The notable achievement is also reported in throughput as the same is enhanced more than  by ~ 39%, 43%, 49% ,56%, 53% while total packets communicated with base station has been increased more than by ~ 127%, 131%, 147%, 151%, 148% stability of the network is also improved more than by ~ 37%, 42%, 45%, 49%, 51% with the corresponding increase in the heterogeneity of networks

Predicting The Intention To Accept Monthly Tax Deduction (MTD) As Final Tax Among Salaried Taxpayers

This study surveyed the level of awareness and determinants of intention to accept Monthly Tax Deduction (MTD) as final tax among salaried taxpayers in Kulim, Kedah using Theory Planned Behavior. The acceptance level of the implemented MTD as final tax system from the Year of Assessment 2014 was still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control as the independent variables and intention as dependent variable to accept Monthly Tax Deduction (MTD) as final tax among salaried taxpayers in the private and public sector in Kulim, Kedah. In order to collect data a total of 300 self administered questionnaires were distributed to the salaried taxpayers entitled to the monthly tax deduction and 109 usable responses were used to analyze the data collected. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 analysis methods, the hypothesis results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship among the two variables attitude and perceived behavior control except subjective norm has a negative and insignificant relationship towards the intention to accept Monthly Tax Deduction (MTD) as final tax. The overall finding indicates that the attitude and perceived behavior control are the key factors that attract the salaried taxpayers to accept MTD as final tax

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some novel N-Mannich bases of heterocyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazole.

A series of some novel N-Mannich bases of heterocyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazole were synthesized through the condensation reaction of 1,3,4-thiadiazole containing a aromatic secondary amine, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic compounds employing Mannich reaction and using conventional synthesis. All the synthesized compounds were obtained in the range of 57.41-83.3 % yield. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy. the essential structural features responsible for interaction with receptor site are established within a suggested pharmacophore. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was determined, against two Gram-positive bacteria, viz. S. aureus & B. subtilis and Gram-negative, viz. E. coli and K. pneumoniae, by cup-plate method using the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) changed in the range of 1.56_ _ 200 mg mL_1. Compound 3b exhibited excellent activity against both bacteria. The in vitro antifungal activity of the synthesized compound was also evaluated by cup-plate method against the fungi A. niger and C. albicans compared with the standard drug Fluconazole. Compound 4a, 8a exhibited excellent activity against both fungi. The result has shown that the compounds are quite active against pathogens under study and were nontoxic. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compound was evaluated, on albino rats, by carageenan induced rat paw oedema method using the standard drug diclofenac sodium. Compound 7b and 8c exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmacological activities. Structurally the compound 7b has a greater number of unsaturated hydrocarbons in schiff base, which shows good lipophilic properties within electron rich morpholine ring in Mannich base. Statistical significance of differences between group was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Among the synthesized compounds 3a, 4b, 5c, 7b, 8a and 8c were found be the most active. All the synthesized compounds were found to be low lethal as ascertained by LD50 test. Keywords: N- Mannich bases of heterocyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives; Mannich reaction; antimicrobial agents; anti-inflammatory activity

A Review on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Pregnancy

Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. These women and their families have many questions about this disorder. Diabetes (actual name is diabetes mellitus) of any kind is a disorder that prevents the body from using food properly. Your blood always has some sugar in it because the body needs sugar for energy to keep you going. But too much sugar in the blood is not good for your health. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Type I diabetes, macrosomi