Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Extensions of the case-control design in genome-wide association studies

The case-control design is one of the most commonly used designs in genome- wide asociation studies. When we increase the sample size of either the controls or, more importantly, the cases, the power of whatever test we use will certainly increase. However increasing the sample size, means that addi- tional individuals need to be genotyped and this implies extra financial costs. However, nowadays with the emergence of genetic studies, a large number of genetic data are available at low or no extra cost. Even though those data may not be completely relevant to the current study, they can still be used to increase the probability to identify true associations. Furthermore, additional information, non-necessarily genetic, can also be used to improve the power of a method.In this thesis we extend the case-control design in order to take ad- vantage of such types of additional data and/or information. We discuss three designs; the case-cohort-control, the kin-cohort and the super-case– case–control–super-control designs. For each of these, we present methods that are adjusted or modified versions of standard case-control methods but we also propose novel ones developed with those extended designs in mind. Ultimately, we describe how those methods can be used in order to increase the power of association tests, especially compared to similar methods of the case-control design.</p

Transgenic Mice Tumor Growth

<p>This file contains measurements of skin cancer tumors, measured on transgenic mice.</p> <p>The data contain measurements on untreated mice and mice that went through trteatment</p

Extensions of the case-control design in genome-wide association studies

The case-control design is one of the most commonly used designs in genome- wide asociation studies. When we increase the sample size of either the controls or, more importantly, the cases, the power of whatever test we use will certainly increase. However increasing the sample size, means that addi- tional individuals need to be genotyped and this implies extra financial costs. However, nowadays with the emergence of genetic studies, a large number of genetic data are available at low or no extra cost. Even though those data may not be completely relevant to the current study, they can still be used to increase the probability to identify true associations. Furthermore, additional information, non-necessarily genetic, can also be used to improve the power of a method. In this thesis we extend the case-control design in order to take ad- vantage of such types of additional data and/or information. We discuss three designs; the case-cohort-control, the kin-cohort and the super-case– case–control–super-control designs. For each of these, we present methods that are adjusted or modified versions of standard case-control methods but we also propose novel ones developed with those extended designs in mind. Ultimately, we describe how those methods can be used in order to increase the power of association tests, especially compared to similar methods of the case-control design.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Whole transcriptome sequence data of 5-FU sensitive and 5-FU resistant tumors generated in a mouse model of de novo carcinogenesis

We have performed whole transcriptome sequencing of 5-FU resistant and 5-FU sensitive tumors generated in a mouse model of de novo carcinogenesis that closely recapitulates tumor initiation, progression and maintenance in vivo. Tumors were generated using the DMBA/TPA model of chemically induced carcinogenesis [1], tumor-bearing mice were subsequently treated with 5-FU, and tumor growth as well as response to treatment was monitored by measuring tumor volume twice a week. Based on these measurements, we selected two 5-FU resistant and two 5-FU sensitive tumors and performed whole transcriptome sequencing and in order to identify differentially expressed transcripts between the two sets. Data obtained is deposited and available through NCBI SRA (reference number SRP155180 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRP155180)

A critical examination of the principal theories of the Hebrew verbal system between 1827 and 1954 with particular reference to the waw consecutive problem

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D42136/82 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Development of a new methylation‐based fetal fraction estimation assay using multiplex ddPCR

Abstract Background Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal aneuploidies has rapidly been incorporated into clinical practice. Current NGS‐based methods can reliably detect fetal aneuploidies non‐invasively with fetal fraction of at least 4%. Inaccurate fetal fraction assessment can compromise the accuracy of the test as affected samples with low fetal fraction have an increased risk for misdiagnosis. Using a novel set of fetal‐specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and methylation sensitive restriction digestion (MSRD), we developed a multiplex ddPCR assay for accurate detection of fetal fraction in maternal plasma. Methods We initially performed MSRD followed by methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and NGS on fetal and non‐pregnant female tissues to identify fetal‐specific DMRs. DMRs with the highest methylation difference between the two tissues were selected for fetal fraction estimation employing MSRD and multiplex ddPCR. Chromosome Y multiplex ddPCR assay (YMM) was used as a reference standard, to develop our fetal fraction estimation model in male pregnancy samples. Additional 123 samples were tested to examine whether the model is sex dependent and/or ploidy dependent. Results In all, 93 DMRs were identified of which seven were selected for fetal fraction estimation. Statistical analysis resulted in the final model which included four DMRs (FFMM). High correlation with YMM‐based fetal fractions was observed using 85 male pregnancies (r = 0.86 95% CI: 0.80–0.91). The model was confirmed using an independent set of 53 male pregnancies. Conclusion By employing a set of well‐characterized DMRs, we developed a SNP‐, sex‐ and ploidy‐independent methylation‐based multiplex ddPCR assay for accurate fetal fraction estimation

Experimental design and pharmacokinetic model: A. Schematic outline of the experiment. B. Plasma (<i>C</i>_<i>1</i>) and tumor site (<i>C</i>_<i>2</i>) drug concentrations for the two 5-FU dosages administered in the experiment.

<p>The figures show the concentrations from the time when the drug was administered until 24 hours later and are calculated according to Eq (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143840#pone.0143840.e005" target="_blank">5</a>).</p

The response to 5-FU treatment can be captured with the combined Gompertz/two-compartment pharmacokinetic model: Indicative figures from two treated mice, one from each treatment group.

<p>Left panel–CM.41 from 5-FU 1; Right panel–CM.43 from 5-FU 2. The black squares indicate the measured tumor volumes while the green line is the fitted model based on Eqs (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143840#pone.0143840.e002" target="_blank">2</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143840#pone.0143840.e005" target="_blank">5</a>). The red dashed line is the prediction of what would have happened if the tumor was left untreated based on the pre-treatment data estimates of the tumor growth rate. Our model appears to accurately capture, both the growth and treatment dynamics of the tumor. The NMSE values for the three tumors of CM.41 are 44.7%, 26.8% and 35.4% and for the three tumors of CM.43 these are 18.5%, 6.7% and 13.0% respectively.</p

The variability of tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> can be captured with the Gompertz model: Indicative growth curves for a mouse with fast growing tumors (CM.37 –Left panel) and another with slow growing tumors (CM.53 –Right panel).

<p>The mice belong to the DMSO group and received no drug treatment. The black squares are the measured tumor volumes and the red line is the fitted model output using Eq (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143840#pone.0143840.e002" target="_blank">2</a>) without treatment. The model provides an overall satisfactory fit to the data. The NMSE values are 17.4%, 5.3%, 10.7% for the three tumors of CM.37 and 16.1%, 27.1%, 19.8% for the three tumors of CM.53. Additionally tumor growth rate appears to be mouse specific.</p