Environmental-Toxicological Characteristics of Waters and Their Sources at Magnitogorsk With the Its Iron and Steel Industry

This study summarizes the information necessary to characterize and assess the quality of drinking and industrial water supply in industrial centers with metallurgical engineering and provides information about the pollution impact on the natural environment. The study shows the influence of air pollution, of the soil pollution on the environment of water objects; it also demonstrates the role of the quality of water supply for establishing a higher risk of health problems for children

Study on Pressure Oscillation Characteristic of Steam Low-velocity Jet under Seawater Condition

In order to address the research gap in steam-seawater interactions and evaluate the feasibility of using seawater as a coolant in marine nuclear power systems, the pressure oscillation characteristics of steam low-velocity jet in seawater have been investigated. The motivation stems from the fact that seawater, covering 70% of the Earth’s surface, offers practical advantages over freshwater for long-term maritime operations, yet its impact on steam jet dynamics remains poorly understood. The experiments focus on comparing pressure oscillations in seawater and freshwater under varying steam mass flow rates (20, 40, 60 kg/(m²·s)) and water temperatures (30-90 ℃), with the goal of assessing system safety and performance. The experimental setup consisted of a steam supply system, a stainless-steel water tank, and instrumented nozzles equipped with high-frequency dynamic pressure sensors (sampling rate: 20 kHz). Steam was injected into seawater or freshwater-filled tanks, and pressure oscillations in both the nozzle and tank were measured. Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses, including fast Fourier transform (FFT), were applied to characterize oscillation intensity and frequency. Repeatability tests confirmed data reliability. Key findings reveal that steam-seawater jets exhibit pressure oscillation behaviors similar to freshwater jets but with notable differences. At low steam mass flow rate (20 kg/(m²·s)) and temperatures below 60 ℃, seawater jets produce stronger oscillations due to higher density, which reduce pressure wave attenuation. In contrast, at higher mass flow rates (40-60 kg/(m²·s)), nozzle pressure oscillations converge between seawater and freshwater, while tank oscillations in seawater show nonlinear trends—initially stronger but weaker at elevated temperatures. This shift is attributed to smaller, denser bubbles in seawater, which enhance pressure wave scattering. Frequency analyses show that both systems share similar dominant frequencies (10-200 Hz), decreasing with rising temperature due to slower bubble collapse. The study concludes that seawater can alter pressure oscillation intensity but does not significantly affect frequency patterns. For marine applications, seawater’s higher density may amplify low-flux oscillations, but its bubble-suppressing properties could mitigate high-temperature effects. These insights advance the understanding of steam-seawater jet dynamics and support safer design options for marine nuclear cooling systems

Contaminants in waste foundry sand and its leachate

The environmental characteristics of Waste Foundry Sands (WFS), including chemicals in WFS and its leachate, are essential in understanding the environmental impact, rational disposal and potential development of beneficial applications of this solid industrial waste. This paper presents an assessment of broad-spectrum chemicals (metallic, non-metallic and organic chemicals) in aspects of their statistics (mean, median and the 95th percentile) in dry-weight WFS and WFS leachates based on laboratory measurements of 594 WFS samples from 123 foundry facilities in the USA. Results indicate that WFS is basically not hazardous except a risk associated with WFS from copper-based foundry facilities. Leachability of metallic chemicals varies among investigated WFS. A clear delineation between different leaching protocols is implicated.An Den