Impact du Grand Paris Express sur le marché du travail et le marché du logement

A travers le Grand Paris Express, l’agglomération parisienne se dote de nouvelles infrastructures de transport conduisant au doublement de la taille actuelle du système de métro. Nous proposons une modélisation originale de cette évolution qui intègre un marché du travail frictionnel et un marché du logement segmenté, entre un secteur à prix/loyers libres et un secteur à prix régulés. Suivant l’hypothèse retenue par les équipes de la Société du Grand Paris d’un gain de 3 % de temps/pénibilité/coûts financiers directs du transport, et en fonction de différents scénarii de croissance de la population, le modèle prédit soit des gains en emplois, soit une baisse des loyers au centre. Dans un scénario où la population peut croître au rythme de l’amélioration des différentes infrastructures de transport avec des constructions nouvelles permettant l’installation de nouveaux ménages, les effets sont de l’ordre de 160 000 emplois. Dans un scénario plus malthusien où l’offre de logements ne suit pas, les effets en emploi sont très diminués et l’essentiel de l’ajustement est porté par une baisse des loyers au centre de l’agglomération : la pression sur l’occupation de l’espace au centre est réduite. Le bien-être des ménages augmente, mais l’emploi progresse peu, de l’ordre de 3 000. Tous les chiffres de cette note sont des déviations en tendance de la situation qui aurait prévalu en l’absence de nouvelles infrastructures et maintien de la qualité des infrastructures existantes

Does housing capital contribute to inequality? A comment on Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the 21st Century

In his book, Capital in the 21st Century,Thomas Piketty highlights the risk of an explosion of wealth inequality because capital is accumulating faster than income in several countries including the US and European countries such as France. Our work challenges the conclusions of the author in three steps. First, the author’s result is based on the rise of only one of the components of capital, namely housing capital,and due to housing prices. In fact, housing prices have risen faster than rent and income in many countries.It is worth noting that “productive” capital, excluding housing, has only risen weakly relative to income over the last few decades. Over the longer run, the “productive” capital/income ratio has not increased at all. Second, rent, not housing prices, should matter for the dynamics of wealth inequality, because rent represents both the actual income of housing capital for landlords and the dwelling costs saved by “owner-occupiers” (people living in their own houses). Logically, to properly measure capital, the value of housing capital must be corrected by measuring it on actual rental price, and not housing prices. Third, when we apply this change, we find that the capital/income ratio is actually stable or only mildly higher in the countries analyzed (France, the US, the UK, and Canada) except for Germany where it rose. These conclusions are exactly opposite to those found by Thomas Piketty. However, this does not mean that housing prices do not contribute to other forms of inequality. When housing prices rise, owners of the housing capital hold a higher value that can be transformed into consumption. It is also more difficult for young adults to become homeowners. Housing incomes of owners however do not necessarily increase which casts serious doubt on Piketty’s conclusion of a potential explosive dynamics of inequality based on these trends

analytical and Clinical Validation of Beta-Trace Protein, a New Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate

Peer reviewe

Sphinx [Música impresa]

Incluye además: Enigma : valse / paroles adaptés par Pierre Chapelle; musique de Francis PopyCopia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2012-201

Impact of different endurance races on the heart: the point of view of the biologist

peer reviewedObjective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of intense exercise, represented by different endurance races, in relationship with oxidative stress and cardiac markers. In a second time, we tried to demonstrate if oxidative stress induced by physical activity is a physiological or pathological process, and to establish some issues to diagnose the risk of sudden death in athletes. Methods Four populations were compared, a control group of 16 participants “sedentary” (37 ± 4,39 years old), a group of 24 semi-marathon runners (41 years ± 8,76 years old), a group of 28 marathon runners (44,1 ± 8,37 years old) and a group of 33 ultra-trail runners (45,8 ± 8,7 years old). Three blood tests were drowned, one just before, one just after, and the last three hours after the end of the race.Different oxidative and stress and cardiac biomarkers were measured. The ultra-trail runners will be subject to an echocardiography and an ECG pre- and post-race. For statistical analysis, STATISTICA 10 software was used. We performed a non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis for independent sample and a Friedman ANOVA for paired samples. Results Myeloperoxydase increased during exercise, but the release is less important according to the level of training of the runners. GSH/GSSG ratio seems to remain stable during the race but it could increase during the 24 hours post-race. There is a decrease in lipidic peroxidation during exercise. But, we note an increase of creatine kinase, isoform MB, myoglobin and C-reactive protein during the race. We observe an increase of troponin T and natriuretic peptide but with a different kinetic than the kinetic obtained for a myocardial infarction. Medical imaging in ultra-trail runners present cardiac adaptations to endurance training, as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB). A decrease of systolic and diastolic volumes of the left ventricle and a decrease of longitudinal strain were observed by echocardiography at the end of the race. Conclusion Endurance races induce the income of oxidative stress objectified by different biomarkers increase, but a cell necrosis is not specially observed. In fact, the increase of the cardiac markers during endurance races but may be explained by a transient modification of myocyte permeability, with a release of pool cytosolic. These races may induce micro-muscle damages causing the appearance of an inflammatory process explaining our observations of markers of inflammation. For the medical imaging, it was observed a myocardial adaptation to training and a transient impairment of ventricular function due to dehydration

Evaluation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Clinical Practice

peer reviewedGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most frequently used parameter to evaluate the renal function. GFR may be estimated with serum creatinine, creatinine clearance based on 24 hours urine collection or Cockcroft formula. All these methods have bias. Other approaches have thus been proposed. The limitations and advantages of isotopic methods and recent mathematical approaches (MDRD formula) are reviewed

Otro título: Ay! ay! ay!

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2012-201