TiO2 coated MWCNT decorated by Fe3O4 nanoparticle as electrode material for Supercapacitor Application

TiO2 coated multi wall carbon nanotube (TiCN) and Fe3O4 based electrode material for the application in electro chemical devices has been produced through a simple approach. Morphological and electro chemical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were determined through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance analysis, respectively. Sol-gel technique was hired to synthesize TiCN and in-situ chemical co-precipitation technique was used for the formation of magnetite particles (Fe3O4) on the surface of acid-modified multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). Maximum specific capacitance obtained from CV is 221 F/g

Mathematical Formulation of Inverse Scattering and Korteweg-De Vries Equation

Inverse scattering refers to the determination of the solutions of a set of differential equations based on known asymptotic solutions, that is, the solution of Marchenko equation. Marchenko equation was derived using integral equation. The potential function derived from eigenvalues and scattering data seems to be the inverse method of scattering problem. The reflection coefficient with one pole and zero reflection coefficients has been chosen to solve inverse scattering problem. Again this paper deals with the connection between inverse scattering and the Korteweg-de Vries equation and describes variety of examples with Korteweg-de Vries equation: the single-soliton solution, the two-soliton solution and finally the N-soliton solution. Throughout the work, the primary objective is to study some mathematical techniques applied in analyzing the behavior of soliton in the KdV equations. Keywords: Marchenko equation, KdV equation, Solitons, Scattering, Inverse Scattering, Canal

Characterization of human and rodent native and recombinant adenosine A2B receptors by radioligand binding studies

Adenosine A2B receptors of native human and rodent cell lines were investigated using [3H]PSB-298 [(8-{4-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl}-1-propylxanthine] in radioligand binding studies. [3H]PSB-298 showed saturable and reversible binding. It exhibited a KD value of 60 ± 1 nM and limited capacity (Bmax = 3.511 fmol per milligram protein) at recombinant human adenosine A2B receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). The addition of sodium chloride (100 mM) led to a threefold increase in the number of binding sites recognized by the radioligand. The curve of the agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was shifted to the right in the presence of NaCl, while the curve of the antagonist PSB-298 was shifted to the left, indicating that PSB-298 may be an inverse agonist at A2B receptors. Adenosine A2B receptors were shown to be the major adenosine A2 receptor subtype on the mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 cells. Binding studies at rat INS-1 cells (insulin secreting cell line) demonstrated that [3H]PSB-298 is a selective radioligand for adenosine A2B binding sites in this cell line

Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells

Reconstructing the lineage relationships and dynamic event histories of individual cells within their native spatial context is a long-standing challenge in biology. Many biological processes of interest occur in optically opaque or physically inaccessible contexts, necessitating approaches other than direct imaging. Here, we describe a new synthetic system that enables cells to record lineage information and event histories in the genome in a format that can be subsequently read out in single cells in situ. This system, termed Memory by Engineered Mutagenesis with Optical In situ Readout (MEMOIR), is based on a set of barcoded recording elements termed scratchpads. The state of a given scratchpad can be irreversibly altered by Cas9-based targeted mutagenesis, and read out in single cells through multiplexed single-molecule RNA fluorescence hybridization (smFISH). To demonstrate a proof of principle of MEMOIR, we engineered mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to contain multiple scratchpads and other recording components. In these cells, scratchpads were altered in a progressive and stochastic fashion as cells proliferated. Analysis of the final states of scratchpads in single cells in situ enabled reconstruction of the lineage trees of cell colonies. Combining analysis of endogenous gene expression with lineage reconstruction in the same cells further allowed inference of the dynamic rates at which ES cells switch between two gene expression states. Finally, using simulations, we showed how parallel MEMOIR systems operating in the same cell can enable recording and readout of dynamic cellular event histories. MEMOIR thus provides a versatile platform for information recording and in situ, single cell readout across diverse biological systems

Muscle-Bound Primordial Stem Cells Give Rise to Myofiber-Associated Myogenic and Non-Myogenic Progenitors

Myofiber cultures give rise to myogenic as well as to non-myogenic cells. Whether these myofiber-associated non-myogenic cells develop from resident stem cells that possess mesenchymal plasticity or from other stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unsolved. To address this question, we applied a method for reconstructing cell lineage trees from somatic mutations to MSCs and myogenic and non-myogenic cells from individual myofibers that were cultured at clonal density

Cell Lineage Analysis of the Mammalian Female Germline

Fundamental aspects of embryonic and post-natal development, including maintenance of the mammalian female germline, are largely unknown. Here we employ a retrospective, phylogenetic-based method for reconstructing cell lineage trees utilizing somatic mutations accumulated in microsatellites, to study female germline dynamics in mice. Reconstructed cell lineage trees can be used to estimate lineage relationships between different cell types, as well as cell depth (number of cell divisions since the zygote). We show that, in the reconstructed mouse cell lineage trees, oocytes form clusters that are separate from hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, both in young and old mice, indicating that these populations belong to distinct lineages. Furthermore, while cumulus cells sampled from different ovarian follicles are distinctly clustered on the reconstructed trees, oocytes from the left and right ovaries are not, suggesting a mixing of their progenitor pools. We also observed an increase in oocyte depth with mouse age, which can be explained either by depth-guided selection of oocytes for ovulation or by post-natal renewal. Overall, our study sheds light on substantial novel aspects of female germline preservation and development

Intercalación in-situ de agregados tipo MnS en una bentonita colombiana, y su evaluación en la oxidación catalítica de naranja de metilo en medio acuoso diluido

Se estudió la incorporación de Manganeso sobre la bentonita del Valle del Cauca (BVC), comparando dos métodos: i) Pilarización convencional con Al o Zr y posterior impregnación húmeda con Mn(NO3)2.4H2O, y ii) Homoionización con Mn2+ y posterior formación in-situ de agregados tipo MnS. Los sólidos resultantes fueron caracterizados mediante análisis químico elemental por absorción atómica (AA), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y difracción de rayos X en polvo (DRX); adicionalmente se evaluó su actividad catalítica en la reacción de oxidación de metil naranja con peróxido de hidrógeno en medio acuoso diluido. El método de formación in-situ de agregados de MnS mostró una mayor eficiencia en la estabilización del metal sobre el aluminosilicato, que el método convencional de cointercalación con Al, sin afectar la estabilidad de los sólidos a la lixiviación química del metal activo en el medio fuertemente oxidante de la reacción. Las arcillas obtenidas exhiben una actividad catalítica importante bajo condiciones muy suaves de reacción (temperatura ambiente y presión atmosférica), con la ventaja de operar a condiciones más cercanas a pH neutro (7,5), característico de la mayoría de efluentes acuosos contaminados con tóxicos orgánicos, respecto al pH ácido que demandan las arcillas modificadas con Fe o Cu como metales activos en la misma reacción