An Exploratory Scenario for San Francisco to Become A Walking, Bicycling and Transit City

The effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on global warming and climate change have become increasingly evident, and the transportation sector is a dominant contributor to GHG emissions which responsible for 13% of the world’s total GHG emissions and more than 21% of overall energy-related CO2 emissions. Cities need sustainable transportation system that integrate new technologies and strategies to provide efficient and effective transit service while reducing its GHG emission and improving its livability. This paper explores a suitable and sustainable transportation scenario for San Francisco to achieve its 2035 goal which is to reduce 1,767,500 metric tons GHG emissions annually. There are three major initiatives in this “Walking, Bicycling and Transit City” scenario, which includes practical non-vehicle transit, large capacity low-carbon public transit, and green vehicle alternative to satisfy the city’s need of mobility while minimizing the impact to the environment. The bike and bus rapid transit integrates the bicycle and bus transit systems to provide efficient and effective public transport service to the city. The public electric vehicle sharing program associated with vehicle to grid technology to replace existing internal combustion vehicles, reduce GHG emissions, lower congestion, as well as maintains people’s need for special mobility. And the smart transportation system integrates new technologies to assist travelers to improve travel safety and travel efficiency

Triimidazolium tris­(pyridine-2,6-di­carboxyl­ato)dysprosate(III) trihydrate

The structure of the title compound, (C3N2H5)3[Dy(C7H3NO4)3]·3H2O, contains a mononuclear DyIII complex with the rare earth metal cation in a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic environment. The DyIII ion is in each case O,N,O′-chelated by three tridentate pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ate anions. Three protonated imidazole mol­ecules act as counter-cations and three lattice water mol­ecules are also present. Numerous N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding inter­actions, some of which are bifurcated, help to stabilize the packing of the structure

CircCA12 Promotes Malignant Process via Sponging miR-1184 and Upregulating RAS Family in Bladder Cancer

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a panel of non-coding RNAs that mediate the regulation of gene expression, as well as pathological responses. Nonetheless, the function and expression pattern of circRNAs in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) remain unclear. Herein, we examined the function of circCA12 in UBC development. qRT-PCR results demonstrated remarkable circCA12 upregulation in UBC cell lines, as well as tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft assays were employed to determine the effect of circCA12 on UBC. Our data illustrated silencing circCA12 repressed the proliferation along with the colony-formation capability of UBC cells. The migration and metastasis potential of UBC cells were remarkably abated in vivo, as well as in vitro after transfection with si-cirCA12 or sh-circCA12. Moreover, luciferase reporter and RIP assays indicated that circCA12 binds to miRNA-1184 through sponging miRNA, thereby up-regulating the expression of RAS family genes (NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS). In conclusion, the circCA12/miRNA-1184/RAS family was identified as a regulatory axis in UBC progression

Paternal chromosome elimination of inducer triggers induction of double haploids in Brassica napus

A synthetic octoploid rapeseed, Y3380, induces maternal doubled haploids when used as a pollen donor to pollinate plant. However, the mechanism underlying doubled haploid formation remains elusive. We speculated that double haploid induction occurs as the inducer line’s chromosomes pass to the maternal egg cell, and the zygote is formed through fertilization. In the process of zygotic mitosis, the paternal chromosome is specifically eliminated. Part of the paternal gene might have infiltrated the maternal genome through homologous exchange during the elimination process. Then, the zygote haploid genome doubles (early haploid doubling, EH phenomenon), and the doubled zygote continues to develop into a complete embryo, finally forming doubled haploid offspring. To test our hypothesis, in the current study, the octoploid Y3380 line was back bred with the 4122-cp4-EPSPS exogenous gene used as a marker into hexaploid Y3380-cp4-EPSPS as paternal material to pollinate three different maternal materials. The fertilization process of crossing between the inducer line and the maternal parent was observed 48 h after pollination, and the fertilization rate reached 97.92% and 98.72%. After 12 d of pollination, the presence of cp4-EPSPS in the embryo was detected by in situ PCR, and at 13–23 d after pollination, the probability of F1 embryos containing cp4-EPSPS gene was up to 97.27%, but then declined gradually to 0% at 23–33 d. At the same time, the expression of cp4-EPSPS was observed by immunofluorescence in the 3rd to 29th day embryo. As the embryos developed, cp4-EPSPS marker genes were constantly lost, accompanied by embryonic death. After 30 d, the presence of cp4-EPSPS was not detected in surviving embryos. Meanwhile, SNP detection of induced offspring confirmed the existence of double haploids, further indicating that the induction process was caused by the loss of specificity of the paternal chromosome. The tetraploid-induced offspring showed infiltration of the induced line gene loci, with heterozygosity and homozygosity. Results indicated that the induced line chromosomes were eliminated during embryonic development, and the maternal haploid chromosomes were synchronously doubled in the embryo. These findings support our hypothesis and lay a theoretical foundation for further localization or cloning of functional genes involved in double haploid induction in rapeseed

Neutrino Physics with JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton multi-purposeunderground liquid scintillator detector, was proposed with the determinationof the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics goal. It is also capable ofobserving neutrinos from terrestrial and extra-terrestrial sources, includingsupernova burst neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, geoneutrinos,atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, as well as exotic searches such asnucleon decays, dark matter, sterile neutrinos, etc. We present the physicsmotivations and the anticipated performance of the JUNO detector for variousproposed measurements. By detecting reactor antineutrinos from two power plantsat 53-km distance, JUNO will determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a 3-4sigma significance with six years of running. The measurement of antineutrinospectrum will also lead to the precise determination of three out of the sixoscillation parameters to an accuracy of better than 1\%. Neutrino burst from atypical core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000inverse-beta-decay events and ~2000 all-flavor neutrino-proton elasticscattering events in JUNO. Detection of DSNB would provide valuable informationon the cosmic star-formation rate and the average core-collapsed neutrinoenergy spectrum. Geo-neutrinos can be detected in JUNO with a rate of ~400events per year, significantly improving the statistics of existing geoneutrinosamples. The JUNO detector is sensitive to several exotic searches, e.g. protondecay via the $p\to K^++\bar\nu$ decay channel. The JUNO detector will providea unique facility to address many outstanding crucial questions in particle andastrophysics. It holds the great potential for further advancing our quest tounderstanding the fundamental properties of neutrinos, one of the buildingblocks of our Universe

High Cycle Fatigue Performance of Inconel 718 Alloys with Different Strengths at Room Temperature

In this paper, the high cycle fatigue performance of solid solution state and aged Inconel 718 superalloys was studied at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the original structural features and fatigue deformation features of two kinds of alloys. SEM, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to analyze the secondary fracture features of the fatigue fracture morphology and fatigue fracture profile. The results showed that the aging treatment significantly affected the strength and plasticity of the alloy, which in turn affected the fatigue performance of the alloy. After the aging treatment, the yield strength σs and the tensile strength σb of the Inconel 718 alloy increased by 152% and 65.9%, respectively, compared with those of the solid solution state, but the rate of elongation δ and rate of contraction in the cross-section area φ decreased by 63.7% and 52.3%, respectively. The fatigue limit of the aged state was lower than that of the solid solution state by 6.3%. The quadratic function relationship between the high cycle fatigue limit σ−1 and the tensile strength σb of the Inconel 718 superalloy at room temperature was σ−1 = σb · (0.869−3.67 × 10−4 · σb). An analysis of the fatigue fracture mechanism showed that the fatigue fractures before and after aging were all initiated in the grains oriented relatively unfavorably on the surface of the sample, with a mixture of intergranular and transgranular propagation after the transgranular propagation of several grains. The higher plasticity of the solid solution state Inconel 718 alloy resulted in a large number of slip deformation zones under high cycle fatigue loads, and the plastic deformation was relatively uniform. The lengths of the secondary fractures were as high as 120 μm, which formed the single-source plastic fatigue fracture that promoted an increase in the fatigue limit. After aging treatment, the higher strength of the Inconel 718 alloy made dislocation slip difficult under high cycle fatigue loads, and the plasticity compatible deformation capability was poor. When local dislocations slipped to the intragranular γ” phase, γ’ phase, or interfaces with nonmetallic compounds (NMCs), plugging occurred. The degree of stress concentration increased, causing the initiation of fatigue fracture; the secondary fracture was approximately 20 μm. Brittle cleavage due to multiple sources significantly reduced the fatigue limit

Quantitative Relationships between Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ti17 Alloy after Thermomechanical Treatment

In this paper, the relationships between the thermomechanical treatments (TMT), the microstructural evolution the mechanical properties of Ti17 alloy were investigated. The results indicate the coarsening behavior of lamellar α was sensitive to the aging temperature during the process of TMT. The thickness of lamellar α changed from 0.19 to 0.38 μm with an increase in the aging temperature. Moreover, both tensile properties and impact toughness vary with the thickness of lamellar α. The tensile strength increases with the increase of the thickness of lamellar α the plasticity and impact toughness the opposite trend. The quantitative investigations found that there is a linear relationship between the tensile properties and the thickness of lamellar α the tensile properties could be adjusted in the range of 1191~1062 MPa and 1163~1039 MPa to obtain ultimate tensile strength and yield strength as well as 11~16% elongation and 23~33% reduction of area by varying the thickness of lamellar α. Meanwhile, the impact toughness could be adjusted in the range of 46 ~53 J/cm2. The high correlation coefficients imply that the linear equation is reliable to describe the relationships between the mechanical properties and the thickness of lamellar α for Ti17 alloy

Presplitting Blasting the Roof Strata to Control Large Deformation in the Deep Mine Roadway

As the mining depth increases, under the influence of high ground stress, the surrounding rock of deep mine roadways shows soft rock characteristics. Under the influence of mining disturbance at the working face, large deformation of the roadway has occurred. To control the large deformation of the roadway, many mines have adopted the form of combined support, which has continuously increased the support strength and achieved a certain effect. However, since the stress environment of the surrounding rock of the roadway has not been changed, large deformation of the roadway still occurs in many cases. Based on the theoretical basis of academician Manchao He’s “short cantilever beam by roof cutting,” this paper puts forward the plan of “presplitting blasting + combined support” to control the large deformation of the deep mine roadways. Without changing the original support conditions of the roadway, presplitting blasting the roof strata of the roadway, by cutting off the mechanical connection of the roof strata between the roadway and gob, improves the stress distribution of the roadway to control the large deformation. Through field tests, the results show that after presplitting blasting the roadway roof, the roadway roof subsidence is reduced by 47.9%, the ribs displacement is reduced by 45.7%, and the floor heave volume is reduced by 50.8%. The effect is significant

Continuous Cooling Transformation Behaviour and Bainite Transformation Kinetics of 23CrNi3Mo Carburised Steel

In this study, the phase transformation behaviour of the carburised layer and the matrix of 23CrNi3Mo steel was comparatively investigated by constructing continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram, determining the volume fraction of retained austenite (RA) and plotting dilatometric curves. The results indicated that Austenite formation start temperature (Ac1) and Austenite formation finish temperature (Ac3) of the carburised layer decreased compared to the matrix, and the critical cooling rate (0.05 °C/s) of martensite transformation is significantly lower than that (0.8 °C/s) of the matrix. The main products of phase transformation in both the carburised layer and the matrix were martensite and bainite microstructures. Moreover, an increase in carbon content resulted in the formation of lamellar martensite in the carburised layer, whereas the martensite in the matrix was still lath. Furthermore, the volume fraction of RA in the carburised layer was higher than that in the matrix. Moreover, the bainite transformation kinetics of the 23CrNi3Mo steel matrix during the continuous cooling process indicated that the mian mechanism of bainite transformation of the 23CrNi3Mo steel matrix is two-dimensional growth and one-dimensional growth

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

The effects of carbide precipitation on mechanical performance of Hybrid Steel 60, known as a novel bearing steel, have not been investigated. In this study, the austenite transformation temperatures of Hybrid Steel 60 during heating were revealed by the thermal expansion curve. The temperature and effective activation energy of the second phase precipitation were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. Different solid solution structures after austenitization were detected using various cooling rates. The solubility temperature was determined based on hardness and residual austenite content. The carbides precipitated at the peak temperature were qualitatively identified using XRD. It was discovered that the temperature points Ac1 and Ac3 of the steel were 786 °C and 864 °C, respectively. In addition, the effect of solid solution temperature on quenching hardness is minimal, while the cooling rate has a greater impact on hardness, reaching a peak at 5 °C s ^−1 . The primary carbide phase in Hybrid Steel 60 is the M _7 C _3 and VC. When the temperature ranges from 500 °C to 550 °C, M _23 C _6 begins to precipitate. As a result, after tempering at 525 °C, the hardness peak value reached 566 HV