The genome of hibiscus hamabo reveals its adaptation to saline and waterlogged habitat

Hibiscus hamabo is a semi-mangrove species with strong tolerance to salt and waterlogging stress. However, the molecular basis and mechanisms that underlie this strong adaptability to harsh environments remain poorly understood. Here, we assembled a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of this semi-mangrove plant and analyzed its transcriptome under different stress treatments to reveal regulatory responses and mechanisms. Our analyses suggested that H. hamabo has undergone two recent successive polyploidy events, a whole-genome duplication followed by a whole-genome triplication, resulting in an unusually large gene number (107 309 genes). Comparison of the H. hamabo genome with that of its close relative Hibiscus cannabinus, which has not experienced a recent WGT, indicated that genes associated with high stress resistance have been preferentially preserved in the H. hamabo genome, suggesting an underlying association between polyploidy and stronger stress resistance. Transcriptomic data indicated that genes in the roots and leaves responded differently to stress. In roots, genes that regulate ion channels involved in biosynthetic and metabolic processes responded quickly to adjust the ion concentration and provide metabolic products to protect root cells, whereas no such rapid response was observed from genes in leaves. Using co-expression networks, potential stress resistance genes were identified for use in future functional investigations. The genome sequence, along with several transcriptome datasets, provide insights into genome evolution and the mechanism of salt and waterlogging tolerance in H. hamabo, suggesting the importance of polyploidization for environmental adaptation.DATA AVAILABILITY: The data supporting the findings of this work are available within the paper and its Supporting Information files. The data sets generated and analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. All the whole-genome raw data generated during this study have been deposited in the SRA database under BioProject number PRJNA759075. Transcriptome clean data have been deposited in the SRA database under BioProject number PRJNA759717. The final chromosome-scale genome assembly and annotation data have been deposited in the Figshare database (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19142558.v1).Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (NY-042); Open Fund of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources (JSPKLB201928); Talent Training Funds of the Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences.https://academic.oup.com/hrBiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

A Credit-Based Congestion-Aware Incentive Scheme for DTNs

In Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs), nodes may be selfish and reluctant to expend their precious resources on forwarding messages for others. Therefore, an incentive scheme is necessary to motivate selfish nodes to cooperatively forward messages. However, the current incentive schemes mainly focus on encouraging nodes to participate in message forwarding, without considering the node congestion problem. When many messages are forwarded to the nodes with high connection degree, these nodes will become congested and deliberately discard messages, which will seriously degrade the routing performance and reduce the benefits of other nodes. To address this problem, we propose a credit-based congestion-aware incentive scheme (CBCAIS) for DTNs. In CBCAIS, a check and punishment mechanism is proposed to prevent forwarding nodes from deliberately discarding message. In addition, a message acceptance selection mechanism is proposed to allow the nodes to decide whether to accept other messages, according to self congestion degree. The experimental results show that CBCAIS can effectively stimulate selfish nodes to cooperatively forward messages, and achieve a higher message delivery ratio with lower overhead ratio, compared with other schemes

Access-Pattern Aware Checkpointing Data Storage Scheme for Mobile Computing Environment

AbstractThe rapid development of communication technology and mobile devices has facilitated the mobile computing applications such as location-based services, and information sharing. Characteristics of the mobile computing system, such as the space limitation, mobility handling, low bandwidth and limited battery life, make mobile computing applications more prone to failures. Checkpoint and rollback recovery technology, as a fault tolerance method for continuing services in mobile computing environment, is researched in this paper. Based on user access patterns, mainly considering the visit time of the mobile host(MH) to the sojourn mobile support stations (MSSs), a checkpointing data storage scheme is proposed. Only if the stay time in the current mobile support station is long enough, the mobile host should do the checkpoint and store the checkpoint data on the sojourn mobile support station. Based on the visited time to the MSS, the scheme manages checkpointing data high efficiently which is more cognitively flexible and adapt to the nomadic and mobile computing environmental conditions

The Putative Cellodextrin Transporter-like Protein CLP1 Is Involved in Cellulase Induction inNeurospora crassa

exterior, View of cornice with porthole windows with sign Santa Fe above it, ca. 199

G-CSF Administration after the Intraosseous Infusion of Hypertonic Hydroxyethyl Starches Accelerating Wound Healing Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock

Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of G-CSF administration after intraosseous (IO) resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock (HS) combined with cutaneous injury rats. Methods. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) HS with resuscitation (blank), (2) HS with resuscitation + G-CSF (G-CSF, 200 μg/kg body weight, subcutaneous injection), (3) HS with resuscitation + normal saline solution injection (normal saline), and (4) HS + G-CSF injection without resuscitation (Unres/G-CSF). To estimate the treatment effects, the vital signs of alteration were first evaluated, and then wound closure rates and homing of MSCs and EPCs to the wound skins and vasculogenesis were measured. Besides, inflammation and vasculogenesis related mRNA expressions were also examined. Results. IO infusion hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch (HHES) exhibited beneficial volume expansion roles and G-CSF administration accelerated wound healing 3 days ahead of other groups under hemorrhagic shock. Circulating and the homing of MSCs and EPCs at wound skins were significantly elevated at 6 h after G-CSF treatment. Inflammation was declined since 3 d while angiogenesis was more obvious in G-CSF treated group on day 9. Conclusions. These results suggested that the synergistical application of HHES and G-CSF has life-saving effects and is beneficial for improving wound healing in HS combined with cutaneous injury rats

Genome sequencing of Aspergillus glaucus ‘CCHA’ provides insights into salt-stress adaptation

Aspergillus, as a genus of filamentous fungi, has members that display a variety of different behavioural strategies, which are affected by various environmental factors. The decoded genomic sequences of many species vary greatly in their evolutionary similarities, encouraging studies on the functions and evolution of the Aspergillus genome in complex natural environments. Here, we present the 26 Mb de novo assembled high-quality reference genome of Aspergillus glaucus ‘China Changchun halophilic Aspergillus’ (CCHA), which was isolated from the surface of plants growing near a salt mine in Jilin, China, based on data from whole-genome shotgun sequencing using Illumina Solexa technology. The sequence, coupled with data from comprehensive transcriptomic survey analyses, indicated that the redox state and transmembrane transport might be critical molecular mechanisms for the adaptation of A. glaucus ‘CCHA’ to the high-salt environment of the saltern. The isolation of salt tolerance-related genes, such as CCHA-2114, and their overexpression in Escherichia coli demonstrated that A. glucus ‘CCHA’ is an excellent organism for the isolation and identification of salt tolerant-related genes. These data expand our understanding of the evolution and functions of fungal and microbial genomes, and offer multiple target genes for crop salt-tolerance improvement through genetic engineering

Preferred M2 Polarization by ASC-Based Hydrogel Accelerated Angiogenesis and Myogenesis in Volumetric Muscle Loss Rats

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury resulted from massive muscle defects and diseases for which there are still no effective therapeutic treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and rASCs-conditioned medium- (CM-) based type I collagen hydrogel on macrophage (MP) transition, myogenesis, and vascularization in the rat VML model. Laser Doppler results demonstrated much higher blood flow in the rASC- and CM-based hydrogel groups. qRT-PCR, hematoxylin and eosin, immunofluorescence, and Sirius Red staining manifested that both rASCs and CM-based hydrogel implantation accelerated muscle repair with upregulated angiogenesis and myogenesis, attenuated inflammation while facilitating M2 transition, and decreased the collagen deposition compared with the hydrogel group. In vitro experiments indicated that factors secreted from polarized M2 MPs could accelerate the migration and tube formation capacities of HUVECs. These results suggested that rASCs exerted immunomodulatory effects on MPs which further enhanced the proangiogenic potential on ECs to promote myogenesis and angiogenesis during muscle repair. These fundamental results support further clinical applications of ASCs for muscle loss injury