Autophagy and Coagulation in Liver Cancer and Disorders

The physiological role of autophagy in metabolism of the body involves both protein synthesis and degradation. The autophagy-lysosome and the ubiquitin-proteasome systems are the two major intracellular proteolytic mechanisms. Autophagy in hepatocytes is known to be quite active and contribute to its normal functions and the pathogenesis of liver diseases. The role of autophagy in liver diseases has been widely studied, and growing evidence has now shown that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of autophagy in the progression of liver fibrosis and prognosis of human HCC is not well known. Recent studies have demonstrated that tissue factor (TF) combined with coagulation factor VII (FVII) has a pathological role by activating a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) for tumor growth. Autophagy-related LC3A/B-II formation induced by the inhibition of TF/FVII/PAR2 coagulation axis, particularly by FVII knockdown, was selectively mediated by the Atg7 induction. These results are consistent with clinical observations that indicate the important role of FVII activation in regulating autophagy in HCC. In this chapter, we discuss our findings in which FVII promotes growth and progression in HCC through ERK-TSC/mTOR signaling to repress autophagy and may play a pivotal role in conferring cirrhosis and other liver diseases

Realization of the Trajectory Propagation in the MM-SQC Dynamics by Using Machine Learning

The supervised machine learning (ML) approach is applied to realize the trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics within the framework of the symmetrical quasi-classical dynamics method based on the Meyer-Miller mapping Hamiltonian (MM-SQC). After the construction of the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) model, it is used to perform the entire trajectory evolutions from initial sampling conditions. The proposed idea is proven to be reliable and accurate in the simulations of the dynamics of several site-exciton electron-phonon coupling models, which cover two-site and three-site systems with biased and unbiased energy levels, as well as include a few or many phonon modes. The LSTM-RNN approach also shows the powerful ability to obtain the accurate and stable results for the long-time evolutions. It indicates that the LSTM-RNN model perfectly captures of dynamical correction information in the trajectory evolution in the MM-SQC dynamics. Our work provides the possibility to employ the ML methods in the simulation of the trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamic of complex systems with a large number of degrees of freedoms

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide health problem, which is expected to increase steadily due to different underlying liver diseases. Surgical treatment modalities including liver transplantation (LT) or liver resection (LR) are the mainstay options for early cases of HCC. Liver transplantation for well‐selected cases provides excellent survival outcomes comparable to nonmalignant indications of LT. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an alternative option or even the sole one in the current era of organ shortage problem and in some Asian countries where deceased organ donation is markedly reduced due to various reasons. The adoption of LDLT for HCC treatment elicited many dynamic changes and debates to the dilemma of LT as a whole. In this chapter, we focus on different perspectives of LDLT for HCC, including selection criteria evolution, controversial topics, ethical considerations, operative highlights, and other points

Zero % long term biliary stricture in microscopic reconstruction (MBR) of Hepatico-Jejunal Biliary Roux en Y choice of biliary drainage of adult liver transplant

BackgroundRoutine use of (MBR) by Roux en Y in adult Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) has not been elucidated. The usual choice of enteric drainage got expected morbidities of biliary enteric anastomosis. Patients of liver transplant clinical differences are compared. Choices, current status, efficacy, application, short and long term outcome of biliary reconstruction by (MBR) roux en Y anastomosis in adult liver transplant was compared to Conventional roux en y.AimThe primary aim of the study is to clarify the influence to the diseased liver recipient duct to the future graft biliary drainage.MethodsStudy of consecutive liver transplant patients was retrieved. Total Number of 1234 OLT, By the End of July 2014. Group A 16 patients of Conventional Period up to 22 March, 2006. Group B 50 patients of (MBR) up to 31 JULY 2014.ResultsIn group A 8/16 got short and long term complication. However, in group B only 4/50 got short term problems, with no death.ConclusionIn Spite of the drawback of adult OLT roux en Y hepatico-jejunal anastomosis including anatomical challenges and graft position, we developed graft survival in adults liver transplant with widened application of (MBR).There is accessible and durable intact biliary drainage choice by (MBR) hepatica enteric anastomosis for adults OLT patients that can be encouraged and advised by microscopic surgery

Laparoscopic resection for gastric GISTs: surgical and long-term outcomes of 133 cases

Background It aims to evaluate the surgical efficacy and long-term survival of different laparoscopic surgeries for gastric GISTs. Methods From a prospectively collected database, 133 patients with primary gastric GISTs undergoing laparoscopic surgery were selected from January 2008 to December 2014. They were divided into three groups according to the different operations that were performed, including laparoscopic gastric wedge resection (LWR Group, n=103), laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LSG Group, n=18) and laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG group, n=12). Clinicopathological features and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results All patients had received R0 resection. There were no differences among the three groups in age, BMI or NIH risk classification. Compared with the LSG group and LTG group, the LWR group had a shorter operative time, less blood loss, fewer operative complications and shorter time to ground activities, semi-liquid diet and hospital stay (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in time to first flatus and liquid diet or in the rate of postoperative complications (P<0.05). In the patients with a large tumor (size≥5 cm), LWR was significantly associated with shorter operative time, less blood loss and shorter hospital stay compared with the laparoscopic gastric non-wedge resection (N-LWR) (P<0.05). The median follow-up was 30 months, with 4 cases of recurrence and 3 deaths. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was similar among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with LSG and LTG, more favorable minimally invasive results can be achieved from LWR for gastric GISTs, which may be the optimal surgical procedure

Long-term proton pump inhibitor use and the incidence of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: There are controverted whether the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) will increase the risk of gastric cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the risk of gastric cancer in PPI users compared with non-PPI users. Methods: The main inclusion criteria were original studies reporting the incidence of gastric cancer in PPI users compared with non-PPI users. Key outcomes were the risk ratios (RR) for gastric cancer in association with PPI users or non-PPI users. Results: We analyzed data from 8 studies, comprising more than 927,684 patients. The risk of gastric cancer in PPI users was significantly higher than in non-PPI users [RR= 2.10, 95% CI (1.17-3.97)]. The risk of gastric cancer was similar between the 2 groups when the duration was ≤1 year [RR= 2.18, 95% CI (0.66-7.11)]. While the risk of gastric cancer for PPI users was higher than in non-PPI users when the duration was between 1-3 years, ≥1 year, ≥3 years and ≥5 years. The risk of non-cardiac gastric cancer for PPI users was higher than for non-PPI users [RR= 2.66, 95% CI (1.66 -4.27)], and the risk of non-cardiac gastric cancer for PPI users was higher than for non-PPI users when the duration ≥1 year [RR= 1.99, 95% CI (1.03-3.83)], but the risk for cardiac gastric cancer was similar between the 2 groups [RR= 1.86, 95% CI (0.71-4.89)]. Conclusions: We found the long-term use of PPI (duration ≥1 year) was significantly associated with a higher risk of non-cardiac gastric cancer

Atmospheric parameters and kinematic information for the M giants stars from LAMOST DR9

A catalog of more than 43,000 M giant stars has been selected by Li et al. from the ninth data release of LAMOST. Using the data-driven method SLAM, we obtain the stellar parameters (Teff, logg, [M/H], [$\alpha$/M]) for all the M giant stars with uncertainties of 57 K, 0.25 dex, 0.16 dex and 0.06 dex at SNR > 100, respectively. With those stellar parameters, we constrain the absolute magnitude in K-band, which brings distance with relative uncertainties around 25% statistically. Radial velocities are also calculated by applying cross correlation on the spectra between 8000 A $\AA$ and 8950 A $\AA$ with synthetic spectra from ATLAS9, which covers the Ca II triplet. Comparison between our radial velocities and those from APOGEE DR17 and Gaia DR3 shows that our radial velocities have a system offset and dispersion around 1 and 4.6 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. With the distances and radial velocities combining with the astrometric data from Gaia DR3, we calculate the full 6D position and velocity information, which are able to be used for further chemo-dynamic studies on the disk and substructures in the halo, especially the Sagittarius Stream.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, accepted by RA

Laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection: a case of 12-year-old child with advanced gastric cancer

The video shows the operation of laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for a 12-year-old child with advanced gastric cancer