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Vulnerability to climate change of managed stocks in the California Current large marine ecosystem
Introduction: Understanding how abundance, productivity and distribution of individual species may respond to climate change is a critical first step towards anticipating alterations in marine ecosystem structure and function, as well as developing strategies to adapt to the full range of potential changes. Methods: This study applies the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Fisheries Climate Vulnerability Assessment method to 64 federally-managed species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem to assess their vulnerability to climate change, where vulnerability is a function of a species’ exposure to environmental change and its biological sensitivity to a set of environmental conditions, which includes components of its resiliency and adaptive capacity to respond to these new conditions. Results: Overall, two-thirds of the species were judged to have Moderate or greater vulnerability to climate change, and only one species was anticipated to have a positive response. Species classified as Highly or Very Highly vulnerable share one or more characteristics including: 1) having complex life histories that utilize a wide range of freshwater and marine habitats; 2) having habitat specialization, particularly for areas that are likely to experience increased hypoxia; 3) having long lifespans and low population growth rates; and/or 4) being of high commercial value combined with impacts from non-climate stressors such as anthropogenic habitat degradation. Species with Low or Moderate vulnerability are either habitat generalists, occupy deep-water habitats or are highly mobile and likely to shift their ranges. Discussion: As climate-related changes intensify, this work provides key information for both scientists and managers as they address the long-term sustainability of fisheries in the region. This information can inform near-term advice for prioritizing species-level data collection and research on climate impacts, help managers to determine when and where a precautionary approach might be warranted, in harvest or other management decisions, and help identify habitats or life history stages that might be especially effective to protect or restore
Implementing the precautionary approach into fisheries management: Biomass reference points and uncertainty buffers
Improving the Diet for the Rearing of Glossina brevipalpis Newstead and Glossina austeni Newstead: Blood Source and Collection – Processing – Feeding Procedures
One of the challenges to maintain tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) colonies is the sustainable
supply of high quality blood meals. The effect of using anticoagulants during collection
of the blood, the addition of phagostimulants to the blood meals as well as using mixtures of
bovine and porcine blood in different proportions for feeding on colony productivity was
assessed. Defibrinated bovine blood was found to be suitable to maintain both the Glossina
brevipalpis Newstead and Glossina austeni Newstead colonies. Blood collected with the
anticoagulants sodium citrate, citric sodium combination, citrate phosphate dextrose adenine
and citric acid did not affect colony performance of both species. Defibrinated bovine
and porcine blood in a 1:1 ratio or the feeding of either bovine or porcine blood on alternating
days improved pupae production of G. austeni and can be used to enhance colony growth.
Bovine blood is appropriate to maintain G. brevipalpis colonies, however, feeding either
bovine or porcine blood on alternating days did improve productivity. Adding the phagostimulants
inosine tri-phosphate, cytosine mono-phosphate and guanosine mono-phosphate
to the blood at a concentration of 10−4 M improved pupae production of the G. brevipalpis
colony. The addition of adenosine tri-phosphate and inosine tri-phosphate improved the performance
of the G. austeni colony. Decisions on the most suitable rearing diet and feeding
protocols will not only depend on the biological requirements of the species but also on the
continuous supply of a suitable blood source that can be collected and processed in a costeffective
way.The National
Assets (000773) at the Agricultural Research
Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute and the
Joint Food and Agriculture Organization /
International Atomic Energy Agency Division of
Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture under
the coordinated research project (CRP) 12618/R0/RBF Department of Technical Cooperation of the
International Atomic Energy Agency under project
RAF 5069.http://www.plosone.orgam2017Veterinary Tropical Disease