431 research outputs found
Value of formalisation for women entrepreneurs in developing contexts: a review and research agenda
Formalisation is constantly being proposed as of great benefit to business expansion and success. This claim however has not been previously tested through a review of the empirical evidence, especially in relation to the large number of women in the developing world that operate in the informal economy. Therefore, our aim in this review is to systematise the current empirical evidence on gender, the informal economy and formalisation using a narrative synthesis of 76 papers. The papers were analysed along three main analytical themes â identity, institutions and, constraints and preferences, highlighting their conceptualisation in studies of different academic disciplines â economics, sociology, entrepreneurship and development. The review calls for more accurate accounts of formalisation decisions by widening the lens through which formalisations decisions are conceptualised. These should take account of the rich contextual and temporal dimensions central to these decisions, and recognise that gender alone is not a sufficient factor in explaining womenâs choices in the informal economy. The review also highlights limitations in relation to the limited conceptual and empirical evidence on which development priorities such as formalisation are set. We propose a research agenda that centres on the need for conceptual frameworks that are more sensitive towards the multi-dimensional contexts of womenâs choices
Determination of the pion charge form factor for Q^2=0.60-1.60 GeV^2
The data analysis for the reaction H(e,e' pi^+)n, which was used to determine
values for the charged pion form factor Fpi for values of Q^2=0.6-1.6 GeV^2,
has been repeated with careful inspection of all steps and special attention to
systematic uncertainties. Also the method used to extract Fpi from the measured
longitudinal cross section was critically reconsidered. Final values for the
separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections and the extracted values
of Fpi are presented.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Measurement of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron at Q^2=0.5 and 1.0 (GeV/c)^2
The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from measurements of
the \vec{d}(\vec{e},e' n)p reaction for quasielastic kinematics. Polarized
electrons were scattered off a polarized deuterated ammonia target in which the
deuteron polarization was perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered
electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons
in a large solid angle detector. We find G_E^n = 0.0526 +/- 0.0033 (stat) +/-
0.0026 (sys) and 0.0454 +/- 0.0054 +/- 0.0037 at Q^2 = 0.5 and 1.0 (GeV/c)^2,
respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, as publishe
Measurement of the Charged Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor
Separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the reaction
1H(e,eprime pi+)n were measured in the momentum transfer region Q2=0.6-1.6
(GeV/c)**2 at a value of the invariant mass W=1.95 GeV. New values for the pion
charge form factor were extracted from the longitudinal cross section by using
a recently developed Regge model. The results indicate that the pion form
factor in this region is larger than previously assumed and is consistent with
a monopole parameterization fitted to very low Q2 elastic data.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Measurements of electron-proton elastic cross sections for
We report on precision measurements of the elastic cross section for
electron-proton scattering performed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The
measurements were made at 28 unique kinematic settings covering a range in
momentum transfer of 0.4 5.5 . These measurements
represent a significant contribution to the world's cross section data set in
the range where a large discrepancy currently exists between the ratio of
electric to magnetic proton form factors extracted from previous cross section
measurements and that recently measured via polarization transfer in Hall A at
Jefferson Lab.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures; text added, some figures replace
Charged pion form factor between =0.60 and 2.45 GeV. I. Measurements of the cross section for the H() reaction
Cross sections for the reaction H() were measured in Hall
C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the CEBAF
high-intensity, continous electron beam in order to determine the charged pion
form factor. Data were taken for central four-momentum transfers ranging from
=0.60 to 2.45 GeV at an invariant mass of the virtual photon-nucleon
system of =1.95 and 2.22 GeV. The measured cross sections were separated
into the four structure functions , , , and
. The various parts of the experimental setup and the analysis
steps are described in detail, including the calibrations and systematic
studies, which were needed to obtain high precision results. The different
types of systematic uncertainties are also discussed. The results for the
separated cross sections as a function of the Mandelstam variable at the
different values of are presented. Some global features of the data are
discussed, and the data are compared with the results of some model
calculations for the reaction H().Comment: 26 pages, 23 figure
Charged pion form factor between Q^2=0.60 and 2.45 GeV^2. II. Determination of, and results for, the pion form factor
The charged pion form factor, Fpi(Q^2), is an important quantity which can be
used to advance our knowledge of hadronic structure. However, the extraction of
Fpi from data requires a model of the 1H(e,e'pi+)n reaction, and thus is
inherently model dependent. Therefore, a detailed description of the extraction
of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data obtained recently
at Jefferson Lab is presented, with particular focus given to the dominant
uncertainties in this procedure. Results for Fpi are presented for
Q^2=0.60-2.45 GeV^2. Above Q^2=1.5 GeV^2, the Fpi values are systematically
below the monopole parameterization that describes the low Q^2 data used to
determine the pion charge radius. The pion form factor can be calculated in a
wide variety of theoretical approaches, and the experimental results are
compared to a number of calculations. This comparison is helpful in
understanding the role of soft versus hard contributions to hadronic structure
in the intermediate Q^2 regime.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
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