91 research outputs found
Variational approach to renormalized phonon in momentum-nonconserving nonlinear lattices
A previously proposed variational approach for momentum-conserving systems
[J. Liu et.al., Phys. Rev. E 91, 042910 (2015)] is extended to systematically
investigate general momentum-nonconserving nonlinear lattices. Two intrinsic
identities characterizing optimal reference systems are revealed, which enables
us to derive explicit expressions for optimal variational parameters. The
resulting optimal harmonic reference systems provide information for the band
gap as well as the dispersion of renormalized phonons in nonlinear lattices. As
a demonstration, we consider the one-dimensional \phi^?4 lattice. By combining
the transfer integral operator method, we show that the phonon band gap endows
a simple power-law temperature dependence in the weak stochasticity regime
where predicted dispersion is reliable by comparing with numerical results. In
addition, an exact relation between ensemble averages of the \phi^?4 lattice in
the whole temperature range is found, regardless of the existence of the strong
stochasticity threshold.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Triggering waves in nonlinear lattices: Quest for anharmonic phonons and corresponding mean free paths
Guided by a stylized experiment we develop a self-consistent anharmonic
phonon concept for nonlinear lattices which allows for explicit
"visualization." The idea uses a small external driving force which excites the
front particles in a nonlinear lattice slab and subsequently one monitors the
excited wave evolution using molecular dynamics simulations. This allows for a
simultaneous, direct determination of the existence of the phonon mean free
path with its corresponding anharmonic phonon wavenumber as a function of
temperature. The concept for the mean free path is very distinct from known
prior approaches: the latter evaluate the mean free path only indirectly, via
using both, a scale for the phonon relaxation time and yet another one for the
phonon velocity. Notably, the concept here is neither limited to small lattice
nonlinearities nor to small frequencies. The scheme is tested for three
strongly nonlinear lattices of timely current interest which either exhibit
normal or anomalous heat transport
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Temperature and frequency dependent mean free paths of renormalized phonons in nonlinear lattices
In the regime of strong nonlinearity, the validity of conventional perturbation based phonon transport theories is questionable. In particular, the renormalized phonons instead of phonons are responsible for heat transport in nonlinear lattices. In this work, we directly study the temperature and frequency dependent Mean Free Path (MFP) of renormalized phonons with the newly developed numerical tuning fork method. The typical 1D nonlinear lattices such as Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU-) lattice and lattice are investigated in details. It is found that the MFPs are inversely proportional to the frequencies of renormalized phonons rather than the square of phonon frequencies predicted by existing phonon scattering theory
Construction of a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) Model to Predict the Absorption of Cephalosporins in Zebrafish for Toxicity Study
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that are widely used in China. Five generations of cephalosporins have been introduced in clinical practice to date; moreover, some new candidates are also undergoing clinical evaluations. To improve the success rates of new drug development, we need to have a comprehensive understanding about the relationship between the structure of cephalosporins and the toxicity that it induces at an early stage. In the cephalosporins toxicity study using zebrafish, the drug absorption is a key point. In this study, we determined the absorption of cephalosporins in zebrafish during toxicity test. The internal concentrations of 19 cephalosporins in zebrafish were determined using a developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Furthermore, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was established by multilinear regression; moreover, it was used to predict the absorption of cephalosporins in zebrafish. During leave-one-out cross-validation, a satisfactory performance was obtained with a predictive ability (q2) of 0.839. The prediction ability of the model was further confirmed when the predictive ability (q2) was 0.859 in external prediction. The best QSAR model, which was based on five molecular descriptors, exhibited a promising predictive performance and robustness. In experiments involving drug toxicity, the developed QSAR model was used to estimate internal concentrations of cephalosporins. Thus, the toxicity results were correlated with the internal concentration of the drug within the larvae. The developed model served as a new powerful tool in zebrafish toxicity tests
Time-restricted feeding improves metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome
ObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in premenopausal women, which is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a new intermittent restriction dietary pattern, which has been shown to have positive benefits on obesity and glycolipid metabolism disorders. We aimed to explore the effect of the feeding regimen (ad libitum vs. TRF) on the glycolipid metabolism and reproductive endocrine disorders in a PCOS mouse model.MethodsPCOS mouse model was induced by continuous subcutaneous administration of dihydrotestosterone for 21 days. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks on an ad libitum or time- restricted diet (from 10:30 p.m. to 6:30 a.m.).ResultsCompared to control mice, PCOS mice that received TRF treatment had significantly lower body weight, reduced adiposity, lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose response in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lower AUC in the insulin tolerance test (ITT). TRF also ameliorated lipid metabolism, as shown by a reduction in plasma lipid profiles (triglycerides and cholesterol) and the triglyceride content in the liver of PCOS mice. In terms of reproduction, the plasma androgen level, plasma estrogen (E2) level, and luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in PCOS mice were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of TRF treatment. In addition, ovarian histology showed that TRF inhibits cyst formation and promotes corpus luteum formation.ConclusionIn conclusion, TRF improved metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with PCOS
Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease Progression in the DATATOP Cohort
Most patients with Parkinson disease (PD) develop both cognitive and motor impairment, and biomarkers for progression are urgently needed. Although α-synuclein is altered in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with PD, it is not known whether it predicts motor or cognitive deterioration. We examined clinical data and α-synuclein in >300 unmedicated patients with PD who participated in the deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of parkinsonism (DATATOP) study, with up to 8 years of follow-up. Longitudinal measures of motor and cognitive function were studied before (phase 1) and during (phase 2) levodopa therapy; cerebrospinal fluid was collected at the beginning of each phase. Correlations and linear mixed models were used to assess α-synuclein association with disease severity and prediction of progression in the subsequent follow-up period. Despite decreasing α-synuclein (phase 1 to phase 2 change of −0.05 ± 0.21 log-transformed values, P < 0.001), no correlations were observed between α-synuclein and motor symptoms. Longitudinally, lower α-synuclein predicted better preservation of cognitive function by several measures [Selective Reminding Test total recall α-synuclein × time interaction effect coefficient, −0.12 (P = 0.037); delayed recall, −0.05 (P = 0.002); New Dot Test, −0.03 (P = 0.002)]. Thus, α-synuclein, although not clinically useful for motor progression, might predict cognitive decline, and future longitudinal studies should include this outcome for further validation
A Time and Location Correlation Incentive Scheme for Deep Data Gathering in Crowdsourcing Networks
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