A Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method with Possibility Degree and Power Aggregation Operators of Single Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers

Single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (SVTNNs) are very useful tools for describing complex information, because of their advantage in describing the information completely, accurately and comprehensively for decision-making problems. In the paper, a method based on SVTNNs is proposed for dealing with multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems. Firstly, the new operations SVTNNs are developed for avoiding evaluation information aggregation loss and distortion

Anthropogenic Activities Generate High-Refractory Black Carbon along the Yangtze River Continuum

12 pages, 7 figuresCombustion-driven particulate black carbon (PBC) is a crucial slow-cycling pool in the organic carbon flux from rivers to oceans. Since the refractoriness of PBC stems from the association of non-homologous char and soot, the composition and source of char and soot must be considered when investigating riverine PBC. Samples along the Yangtze River continuum during different hydrological periods were collected in this study to investigate the association and asynchronous combustion drive of char and soot in PBC. The results revealed that PBC in the Yangtze River, with higher refractory nature, accounts for 13.73 ± 6.89% of particulate organic carbon, and soot occupies 37.53 ± 11.00% of PBC. The preponderant contribution of fossil fuel combustion to soot (92.57 ± 3.20%) compared to char (27.55 ± 5.92%), suggested that fossil fuel combustion is a crucial driver for PBC with high soot percentage. Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling confirmed that the fossil fuel energy used by anthropogenic activities promoting soot is the crucial reason for high-refractory PBC. We estimated that the Yangtze River transported 0.15–0.23 Tg of soot and 0.15–0.25 Tg of char to the ocean annually, and the export of large higher refractory PBC to the ocean can form a long-term sink and prolong the residence time of terrigenous carbonThis study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 42277214, 42207256, and 41971286), major programs of the National Social Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 22&ZD136), the Special Science and Technology Innovation Program for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization of Jiangsu Province (grant no. BE2022612)Peer reviewe

A Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method with Possibility Degree and Power Aggregation Operators of Single Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers

Single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (SVTNNs) are very useful tools for describing complex information, because of their advantage in describing the information completely, accurately and comprehensively for decision-making problems. In the paper, a method based on SVTNNs is proposed for dealing with multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems. Firstly, the new operations SVTNNs are developed for avoiding evaluation information aggregation loss and distortion. Then the possibility degrees and comparison of SVTNNs are proposed from the probability viewpoint for ranking and comparing the single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic information reasonably and accurately. Based on the new operations and possibility degrees of SVTNNs, the single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic power average (SVTNPA) and single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic power geometric (SVTNPG) operators are proposed to aggregate the single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic information. Furthermore, based on the developed aggregation operators, a single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic MCGDM method is developed. Finally, the proposed method is applied to solve the practical problem of the most appropriate green supplier selection and the rank results compared with the previous approach demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness

Effect of prestrain on the fracture toughness of steel 16MnR

The prestrain on 16MnR steel was found experimentally to influenceupon its fracture toughness remarkably. During fracturing, the microstructural chan-ge was taken place in the crack tip zone, The cracks will propagate on the second-ary pearlite structure. It is believed that the fracture toughness of 16MnR steel isdependent on the diffusion of carbon atoms and the formability of secondary pearl-ite structure

Magnetic evolution of nickel ion doped In2O3 nanocrystals under high magnetic field

High magnetic field (HMF) treatment is an important strategy to tune the physicochemical properties of traditional materials. Here, we take nickel ion doped In2O3 nanocrystals as an example and report that the magnetization behavior of diluted magnetic semiconductors can be easily tuned by HMF treatment. It is experimentally demonstrated that the room temperature ferromagnetism of lowly-doped nanocrystals can be greatly enhanced by HMF treatment while the paramagnetic properties of highly-doped samples is almost unchanged. These magnetic transition behaviors after HMF treatment are attributed to the rearrangement of magnetic ordering and the increment of grain-boundary defects. Our research not only points out an effective approach to induce the transition of spin states of diluted magnetic semiconductors but also provides a potentially efficient route to endow other traditional materials with novel physical properties

Near‐Net Shape Hot Isostatic Pressing: Microstructural Analysis and Hardness Evolution at a Steel–Nickel Alloy Interface

Abstract For near‐net shape hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process, the interaction between capsules and consolidating powders at a high pressure and temperature leads to a strong interfacial element diffusion, which is harmful to the surface microstructure and mechanical properties of components. The effects of iron and carbon, in SS400 steel capsules, on the surface microstructure and mechanical properties of the FGH4096M superalloy during HIP are investigated. Results show that the interfacial difussion between the SS400 steel and FGH4096M is divided into three zones: ferrite‐martensite‐austenite mixture zone (≈32.3 µm), Fe‐rich Ni‐Fe‐based superalloy zone (≈27.5 µm), and Ni‐rich Ni‐Fe‐based superalloy zone (≈34.8 µm). The γ′ phase starts to be formed when the mass fraction of iron is below ≈27.2%. The γ′ morphology changes from fine sphere to cuboidal and butterfly‐like shapes as the mass fraction of iron is decreased successively. There is no obvious carbon diffusion around the interface due to a low carbon concentration in the capsule. The Vickers microhardness profile shows an increase, then a decrease, and eventually becomes stable at 425HV. Based on the above conclusions, an understanding of the Fe and C diffusion mechanism at the interface and its extension toward the FGH4096M side is achieved

Gradually Increasing the Temperature Reduces the Diapause Termination Time of <i>Trichogramma dendrolimi</i> While Increasing Parasitoid Performance

Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura is widely used as a biological control agent of many lepidopteran pests. Diapause has been used as an effective method to preserve the Trichogramma products during mass rearing production. However, it currently takes at least 70 days to break diapause, and we tested whether gradually increasing the temperature instead of using constant temperature could reduce the time of diapause termination and offer a higher flexibility to Trichogramma producers. The diapause termination rates of individuals kept at different conditions were measured, and five groups for which diapause termination rate reached the 95% were selected to test five biological parameters, including the number of eggs parasitized, the parasitism and emergence rates, the female sex ratio, the wing deformation rate, and the parasitoid longevity. Compared to the currently used procedure (70 days at 3 °C), treatments with at least two different temperatures resulted in higher parasitism and emergence rates while keeping the other parameters constant. The treatment that consisted of at least two different temperatures preceded by only 55 days of induction period had the highest population trend index, meaning that the population under these conditions grows more rapidly. Our results demonstrate that gradually increasing temperature allows T. dendrolimi to complete diapause earlier than at present while increasing its potential pest control capacity and providing additional flexibility in mass production of T. dendrolimi

Integrin β6 deficiency protects mice from experimental colitis and colitis-associated carcinoma by altering macrophage polarization

BackgroundGiven the key role of integrins in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, anti-integrin biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are being investigated in full swing. However, the unsatisfactory efficacy and safety of current anti-integrin biologics in clinical trials limit their widespread use in clinic. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a target that is highly and specifically expressed in the intestinal epithelium of patients with IBD.MethodsThe function of integrin αvβ6 in IBD and colitis-associated carcinoma (CAC) with the underlying mechanisms has been less studied. In the present study, we detected the level of integrin β6 within inflammation including colitis tissues in human and mouse. To investigate the role of integrin β6 in IBD and CAC, integrin β6 deficient mice were hence generated based on the construction of colitis and CAC model.ResultsWe noted that integrin β6 was significantly upregulated in inflammatory epithelium of patients with IBD. Integrin β6 deletion not only reduced infiltration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also attenuated disruption of tight junctions between colonic epithelial cells. Meanwhile, lack of integrin β6 affected macrophage infiltration in mice with colitis. This study further revealed that lack of integrin β6 could inhibit tumorigenesis and tumor progression in CAC model by influencing macrophage polarization, which was also involved in attenuating the degree of intestinal symptoms and inflammatory responses in mice suffering from colitis.ConclusionsThe present research provides a potentially new perspective and option for the treatment of IBD and CAC

Numerical Analysis of Fiber/Air-Coupling Field for Annular Jet

Melt-blowing technology is an important method for directly preparing micro-nanofiber materials by drawing polymer melts with high temperature and high velocity air flow. During the drawing process, the melt-blowing fiber not only undergoes a phase change, but also has an extremely complex coupling effect with the drawing airflow. Therefore, in the numerical calculation of the flow field, the existence of melt-blowing fibers is often ignored. In this paper, based on the volume of fluid method, a numerical study of the flexible fiber/air-coupling flow field of an annular melt-blowing die is carried out with the aid of computational fluid dynamics software. The results show that the pressure distribution in the different central symmetry planes of the ring die at the same time was basically the same. However, the velocity distribution may have been different; the velocity on the spinning line varied with time; the pressure changes on the spinning line were small; and velocity fluctuations around the spinning line could cause whiplash of the fibers