43,788 research outputs found
Concurrence of superposition
The bounds on concurrence of the superposition state in terms of those of the
states being superposed are studied in this paper. The bounds on concurrence
are quite different from those on the entanglement measure based on von Neumann
entropy (Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 100502 (2006)). In particular, a nonzero lower
bound can be provided if the states being superposed are properly constrained.Comment: 4 page
Ultraviolet photonic crystal laser
We fabricated two dimensional photonic crystal structures in zinc oxide films
with focused ion beam etching. Lasing is realized in the near ultraviolet
frequency at room temperature under optical pumping. From the measurement of
lasing frequency and spatial profile of the lasing modes, as well as the
photonic band structure calculation, we conclude that lasing occurs in the
strongly localized defect modes near the edges of photonic band gap. These
defect modes originate from the structure disorder unintentionally introduced
during the fabrication process.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Two-component model for the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk
In the present paper, we introduce a two-component model of the Galactic disk
to investigate its chemical evolution. The formation of the thick and thin
disks occur in two main accretion episodes with both infall rates to be
Gaussian. Both the pre-thin and post-thin scenarios for the formation of the
Galactic disk are considered. The best-fitting is obtained through
-test between the models and the new observed metallicity distribution
function of G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood (Hou et al 1998). Our results
show that post-thin disk scenario for the formation of the Galactic disk should
be preferred. Still, other comparison between model predictions and
observations are given.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
Alfven seismic vibrations of crustal solid-state plasma in quaking paramagnetic neutron star
Magneto-solid-mechanical model of two-component, core-crust, paramagnetic
neutron star responding to quake-induced perturbation by differentially
rotational, torsional, oscillations of crustal electron-nuclear solid-state
plasma about axis of magnetic field frozen in the immobile paramagnetic core is
developed. Particular attention is given to the node-free torsional
crust-against-core vibrations under combined action of Lorentz magnetic and
Hooke's elastic forces; the damping is attributed to Newtonian force of shear
viscose stresses in crustal solid-state plasma. The spectral formulae for the
frequency and lifetime of this toroidal mode are derived in analytic form and
discussed in the context of quasi-periodic oscillations of the X-ray outburst
flux from quaking magnetars. The application of obtained theoretical spectra to
modal analysis of available data on frequencies of oscillating outburst
emission suggests that detected variability is the manifestation of crustal
Alfven's seismic vibrations restored by Lorentz force of magnetic field
stresses.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Exploiting Cognitive Structure for Adaptive Learning
Adaptive learning, also known as adaptive teaching, relies on learning path
recommendation, which sequentially recommends personalized learning items
(e.g., lectures, exercises) to satisfy the unique needs of each learner.
Although it is well known that modeling the cognitive structure including
knowledge level of learners and knowledge structure (e.g., the prerequisite
relations) of learning items is important for learning path recommendation,
existing methods for adaptive learning often separately focus on either
knowledge levels of learners or knowledge structure of learning items. To fully
exploit the multifaceted cognitive structure for learning path recommendation,
we propose a Cognitive Structure Enhanced framework for Adaptive Learning,
named CSEAL. By viewing path recommendation as a Markov Decision Process and
applying an actor-critic algorithm, CSEAL can sequentially identify the right
learning items to different learners. Specifically, we first utilize a
recurrent neural network to trace the evolving knowledge levels of learners at
each learning step. Then, we design a navigation algorithm on the knowledge
structure to ensure the logicality of learning paths, which reduces the search
space in the decision process. Finally, the actor-critic algorithm is used to
determine what to learn next and whose parameters are dynamically updated along
the learning path. Extensive experiments on real-world data demonstrate the
effectiveness and robustness of CSEAL.Comment: Accepted by KDD 2019 Research Track. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM
SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD'19
Statefinder Parameters for Five-Dimensional Cosmology
We study the statefinder parameter in the five-dimensional big bounce model,
and apply it to differentiate the attractor solutions of quintessence and
phantom field. It is found that the evolving trajectories of these two
attractor solutions in the statefinder parameters plane are quite different,
and that are different from the statefinder trajectories of other dark energy
models.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures. accepted by MPL
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Single-Shot Visualization Of Evolving Laser- Or Beam-Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerators
We introduce Frequency-Domain Tomography (FDT) for visualizing sub-ps evolution of light-speed refractive index structures in a single shot. As a prototype demonstration, we produce single-shot tomographic movies of self-focusing, filamenting laser pulses propagating in a transparent Kerr medium. We then discuss how to adapt FDT to visualize evolving laser-or beam-driven plasma wakefields of current interest to the advanced accelerator community. For short (L similar to 1 cm), dense (n(e) similar to 10(19) cm(-3)) plasmas, the key challenge is broadening probe bandwidth sufficiently to resolve plasma-wavelength-size structures. For long (L similar to 10 to 100 cm), tenuous (n(e) similar to 10(17) cm(-3)) plasmas, probe diffraction from the evolving wake becomes the key challenge. We propose and analyze solutions to these challenges.Physic
Self-optimization of optical confinement in ultraviolet photonic crystal slab laser
We studied numerically and experimentally the effects of structural disorder
on the performance of ultraviolet photonic crystal slab lasers. Optical gain
selectively amplifies the high-quality modes of the passive system. For these
modes, the in-plane and out-of-plane leakage rates may be automatically
balanced in the presence of disorder. The spontaneous optimization of in-plane
and out-of-plane confinement of light in a photonic crystal slab may lead to a
reduction of the lasing threshold.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Analyzing the Key Drivers of Contractors’ Temporary Competitive Advantage in the Competition of International High-speed Rail Projects
This is a pre-print of an article published in KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0602-4
After temporary competitive advantage (TCA) being proposed, this concept has received a lot of attention from academia and industry. For international HSR contractors, how to form their TCA and win out over the competition for new projects is crucial, while only a few studies focus on this issue. This research aims to develop a TCA system that reflects the characteristics of high-speed rail (HSR) contractors in the corporation and project levels. At first, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to explore and examine the key drivers and their relationships with contractors’ TCA
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