Seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy: analysing risk factors and incidence

Background: Breast cancer is a prevalent form that affects women and is a leading cause of death among women. The development of seroma is a frequent complication that can arise after breast cancer surgery, and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Consequently, data was collected to analyze the occurrence and factors that contribute to the development of seroma in patients. We aimed to enhance our comprehension and ultimately discover methods to mitigate it. Methods: A prospective group research study was conducted on a sample of 86 female patients who underwent mastectomy from August 2020 to August 2023. This study was carried out as part of the senior residency program at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital in Patna, Bihar, India. Patients who develop seroma within four weeks of surgery are usually recommended to undergo, specifically ultrasonography, and radiological evaluation to determine the size. Results: 27 out of 86 patients (31%) were found to have seroma. Several factors are closely linked to the development of seroma. Factors that may contribute to increased risk The minimum age at which seroma production occurs following MRM ≥56 or older, having a BMI of 26.50 or higher, a tumour measuring 4 cm or larger undergoing the removal of more than 12 lymph nodes, and having a level 3 axillary dissection. Conclusions: After surgery, a certain group of people in the study experienced seroma formation within four weeks. These individuals had undergone MRM. Age, BMI, tumour size, level 3 axillary dissection, the removal of more than 12 lymph nodes during surgery, and the occurrence of seroma after MRM were found to be positively correlated. There was no observed connection between seroma production and a range of factors, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the timing of drain removal, shoulder workouts, and the use of breast bandages

Migration of Virtual Machine to improve the Security of Cloud Computing

Cloud services help individuals and organization to use data that are managed by third parties or another person at remote locations. With the increase in the development of cloud computing environment, the security has become the major concern that has been raised more consistently in order to move data and applications to the cloud as individuals do not trust the third party cloud computing providers with their private and most sensitive data and information. This paper presents, the migration of virtual machine to improve the security in cloud computing. Virtual machine (VM) is an emulation of a particular computer system. In cloud computing, virtual machine migration is a useful tool for migrating operating system instances across multiple physical machines. It is used to load balancing, fault management, low-level system maintenance and reduce energy consumption. Virtual machine (VM) migration is a powerful management technique that gives data center operators the ability to adapt the placement of VMs in order to better satisfy performance objectives, improve resource utilization and communication locality, achieve fault tolerance, reduce energy consumption, and facilitate system maintenance activities. In the migration based security approach, proposed the placement of VMs can make enormous difference in terms of security levels. On the bases of survivability analysis of VMs and Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC) analysis, we design an algorithm that generates a secure placement arrangement that the guest VMs can moves before succeeds the attack

Intestinal obstruction caused by tuberculosis: unmasking a silent risk

Background: Intestinal tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, especially in regions with a high TB prevalence. This manifestation, distinct from pulmonary TB, involves the gastrointestinal tract, often leading to intestinal obstruction. The study addresses the insidious nature of the disease, emphasizing the urgency for timely diagnosis and intervention. Recognizing the multifaceted impact of TB on various organs, the study explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic complexities of intestinal TB. Methods: This study was conducted at Nalanda medical college and hospital in Patna, Bihar, India, the retrospective study spans three years focusing on 127 patients with intestinal obstruction due to TB. Inclusion criteria prioritized histopathological confirmation of TB, ensuring cohort accuracy. The study employed preliminary investigations, including hemogram, chest X-ray, abdominal X-ray, ultrasonogram, sputum examination, and Mantoux test and CECT whole abdomen. Clinical presentations were systematically analyzed, guiding tailored management protocols based on the mode of presentation. Results: Demographically, the study identified TB as the cause in 127 cases, with a balanced gender distribution and a peak incidence in the 21-30 years age group. Presentations varied, predominantly with acute symptoms. Common complaints included abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and distension. Surgical intervention within 24 hours was crucial in 61.1% of cases. Intraoperatively, findings comprised mesenteric thickening, lymph nodal enlargement, and adhesions. Adhesionolysis was the primary procedure. Postoperative complications, mainly wound infections, were noted but had a limited impact on mortality. Conclusions: This study reveals TB as a significant contributor to intestinal obstruction, emphasizing challenges in early diagnosis. Adhesionolysis emerges as a key operative procedure, underscoring the need for surgical flexibility. Postoperative complications, while notable, have minimal impact on mortality

AN OVERVIEW: RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY

The transdermal drug delivery system is an alternative method of administration of drugs. Most of the drugs are delivered by conventional oral, topical, intravenous, and intramuscular methods and are is of limited efficiency. However, now the clinical use of transdermal delivery is limited because of stratum cornea of the skin act as an effective barrier that limits the permeation of drugs through the skin. To overcome this disadvantage, there are Recent developments in transdermal drug delivery, such as the usage of nanoparticles i.e., liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsion, virosomes, phytosomes, dendrimers, proniosomes, microneedles, and separable microneedles. This nanoparticulate transdermal drug delivery exhibits great potential to ensure drug permeation through the skin. They are very tiny carriers to detect by the immune system and further, they can be delivering the drug to the targeted site and also have the ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs by reducing the complexity. Nanoparticles are made of different materials and they’re very different in structure and chemical properties are discussed in this review article

Conservative management of a complex ovarian cyst in a case of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

Complex ovarian cyst has many causes one of them being haemorrhagic cyst. Most of the haemorrhagic ovarian cyst present as an emergency, detailed clinical history is important before deciding the management. Reporting an interesting case of conservative management in a young patient of reproductive age group with variant Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia which led to a very large ovarian haemorrhagic cyst and presented as a case of torsion of the ovarian cyst. This case highlights the importance of thorough history taking and evaluation prior to embarking on surgical interference in such cases of coagulation disorders. Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a genetic disorder which is characterized by a defect in platelet aggregation resulting in bleeding due to absence or dysfunction of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. It is a rare genetic disorder that follows autosomal recessive type of inheritance

Effect of Loading Densities in Closed Vessel Tests on the Burning Rate of a Propelling Charge

Closed vessel firing of gun propellant at different loading densities is conducted for evaluation of its ballistic parameters. Although in actual gun applications, loading densities are higher, but for closed vessel evaluation standard loading density is taken as 0.2 g/cc for interior ballistic calculations of guns. Closed vessel evaluation of standard triple-base propellant in hepta-tubular configuration with loading density varying in the range of 0.2 g/cc to 0.3 g/cc is conducted for the evaluation of salient ballistic parameters. It is observed that maximum pressure increases with increase in loading density of propellants. As loading density increases, rate of rise of pressure also increases. Accordingly, a rise in burning rate is also observed. However, the burning rate index (α) and coefficient (β) of the power law of burning (r = βPα) is found independent of loading density. The average values of these burning rate parameters are calculated as (α =) 0.78 and (β =) 0.45 for the studied propellant.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 2, March 2015, pp.126-130, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.815

Congenital chloride diarrhea: A rare cause of recurrent polyhydramnios

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare, inherited disorder. Our case was a preterm neonate who presented with severe watery diarrhoea since Day 2 of life. There was maternal history of polyhydramnios and dilated bowel loops. The diagnosis of CCD was confirmed by mutation analysis. The infant is 9 months corrected age, on salt and potassium supplementation, with age-appropriate milestones. The diagnosis of CCD must be made early to prevent life-threatening fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Secure Data Control: Privacy and Security based on ABE for Access Control over Cloud

In today's world, there is a strong requirement for sharing information over cloud. However, privacy and security remains a setback especially when working with bulk amounts of data in the Cloud. Data is abundantly stored outside the control of the data owner’s machine with lack of his knowledge to the data owner, how the data being used and where the data are being stored. So, there is a necessity for the data owner to have a more control over their data, similar to the level of control they possess when the data are being stored on their own machine. For example, when a data owner shares an important file with his colleague, he cannot trust what his colleague will do with his data. In this paper, we try to address this problem by monitoring and preventing unauthorized operations by the data consumer. We present a solution called Secure-Data, which bundles the data owner’s data and specified policy, based on XACML, in an object called Secure-Data object. Secure-Data enforces the policies set out by the data owner by communicating with the cloud based applications to disable certain operations and/or run a background process for monitoring the data. We define a software based protocol that will enable to secure the data in the cloud and will support the use of the android app for authentication purposes

Characterization and classification of major coconut growing soils in South Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India

Six soil series representing major coconut growing soils of the Eastern Ghats in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu State, India, were evolved from granite gneiss and alluvium parent materials. Characterization of different soil properties was done using a detailed soil survey at 1:10000 scale. The soils were neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction (7.31 to 9.19), non-saline, poor to moderately well-drained and moderately shallow (<75 cm) to very deep (>150 cm) in depth. The soils were sandy to clay in texture, sub-angular blocky to crumb in structure, dark reddish-brown to brown, very low to high in OC content (0.06 to 2.70%), low to medium in AWC (3.44 to 22.39%), low to high in CEC (4.70 to 54.0 cmol (p+) kg-1) and having high base saturation (77 to 100%). The soils also had sizable amounts of exchangeable sodium (4.29 to 33.46%), which was maximum in P5, P6 and P1, and high clay content in P5 and P2. The distribution of CaCO3 in different depths was found to be maximum in P4 and P1. The soil orders identified in the coconut area were Inceptisols, Entisols, Alfisols and Vertisols. Assessment of soil resources and identification of yield-limiting soils factors on coconut could be by way of better management and improved productivity