Genetically modified Cotton species detection by LISS-III satellite data

It is possible to infer the genetically modified species by using remotely sensed data. Using ERDAS software the algorithm of BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton in Punjab, India was developed successfully. GPS enabled space technology has the potential to identify the exact location of Bt Cotton by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the calculation of total area covered by this species. It was possible to develop a correlation in between genetically modified Cotton crop and NDVI value. In parts of Bhatinda district of Punjab the yield of Bt Cotton and NDVI showing R2 value of more than 4.5 in regression analysis. A correlation matrix was also generated which shows that NDVI values of BT cotton has reasonably acceptable correlation with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of soil and water also

Genetically modified Cotton species detection by LISS-III satellite data

It is possible to infer the genetically modified species by using remotely sensed data. Using ERDAS software the algorithm of BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton in Punjab, India was developed successfully. GPS enabled space technology has the potential to identify the exact location of Bt Cotton by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the calculation of total area covered by this species. It was possible to develop a correlation in between genetically modified Cotton crop and NDVI value. In parts of Bhatinda district of Punjab the yield of Bt Cotton and NDVI showed R2 value of more than 4.5 in regression analysis. A correlation matrix was also generated which shows that NDVI values of BT cotton also has reasonably acceptable correlation with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of soil and water

A facile synthesis of ethyl α-cyano-β-amincacrylates and related compounds

Ethyl-α-cyano-β-aminoacrylates (I) have been used as intermediates in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives and I(R=H,CH3, C6H5) have been obtained by the condensations of ethyl cyanoacetate with amidines and iminoethers, in relatively poor yields. We now report that both biprotic and monoprotic carbothioamides-thioformamide, thiobenzamides, phenylthioacetamide, quinazolin-4(3H)-thione and pyrrolidin-2(1H)-thione condense with ethyl bromocyanoacetate, with extrusion of sulphur, to form ethyl α-cyano-β-aminoacrylate (I, R=H), ethyl α-cyano-β-aminocinnamates (I, R=-C6H5,-C6H4-OCH3, -C6H4-NO2,P), ethyl α-cyano-β-amino-β-benzylacrylate (I, R= -CH2C6H5), ethyl-α-cyano Δ4(3H), quinazolineace tate (II) and ethyl α-cyano-Δ2,α, pyrrolidineacetate (III) (Table) respectively

Reducing poisoning by arsenic in tubewell water

Rwanda must create an additional 200,000 jobs per year to absorb its expanding population. Increasing exports could play an important role in achieving this goal. A new policy brief by the IGC outlines the challenges Rwanda needs to overcome to improve its trade balances

A community survey of newborn care practices in rural India

Background: There are a high proportion of home deliveries in rural India. The present study was carried out to assess newborn care practices among home births and reasons for delivering at home.Methods: A community based cross sectional survey of recently delivered mothers (<6 months) with at least one living child was carried out in 28 districts of 14 states.Results: A total of 4274 women delivered at home and 45.9% deliveries were conducted by untrained personnel (dais 24.0%, relatives/friends/neighbors 21.9%), trained dais 48.2% and ANMs/LHVs/doctors 5.9%. New blade was used for cutting the cord by trained dai (80.7%), untrained dais (75.5%) whereas ANMs/LHVs/doctors used either new blade (64.7%) or scissors (14.7%). Use of boiled cord tie was reported among 98.8% deliveries conducted by ANMs/LHVs/doctors, 96.6% trained dais and 96.3% untrained dais. 32.5% ANMs/LHVs/doctors, 28.3% trained dais and 26.2% untrained dais left the cord dry without any application. Main reasons for delivering at home were ‘client/social/family' related (85.9%) and ‘facility/provider’ related (21.7%). Nearly 93.3% of the new borns were given their first bath within 24 hours of birth including 77.3% within 3 hours of birth. 38.2% mothers initiating breast feeding within 24 hours of birth and within one hour 6.0% mothers only.Conclusions: There is a need for improving community awareness to promote institutional deliveries and improve health system to satisfy demands of birthing women. When home birth is inevitable, families should be encouraged to engage skilled birth attendant to provide better newborn care

Evaluation of medication adherence patterns amongst anti-hypertensive drug users in a tertiary care hospital in north India

Background: Non-adherence to prescribed medications is a major barrier in management of chronic diseases like hypertension, which can lead to treatment failure and can increase morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The objective of this study was to assess the level of adherence of hypertensive patients to their anti-hypertensive medications and various factors influencing the adherence among these patients.Methods: A cross sectional, observational, questionnaire based study was carried out amongst 70 patients diagnosed with hypertension. Adherence was measured using Morisky medication adherence score questionnaire (MMAS-8). Co-relation of various factors like age, sex, education level, number of drugs taken, presence of concomitant diseases etc. were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the factors associated with adherence.Results: The mean age of 70 patients (35 male, 35 female) were 52.29±11.39 years. Using MMAS-8, high, medium and low adherence was seen in 58.6%, 20.0% and 21.4% patients respectively. Middle age group patients were more adherent (60.8%) than younger age group and elderly (37.5%) (p-value <0.05). Adherence rates were comparable in men and women. There was a positive correlation of adherence with education level, knowledge of BP goals and presence of diabetes. It showed negative correlation with chronicity of hypertension and number of drugs taken.Conclusions: Medication adherence rate was found to be low in the present study. The level of adherence to treatment among the participants can be achieved through better health promotion and education strategies

Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications

Microbial cellulases have shown their potential application in various industries including pulp and paper, textile, laundry, biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing, and agriculture. Due to the complexity of enzyme system and immense industrial potential, cellulases have been a potential candidate for research by both the academic and industrial research groups. Nowadays, significant attentions have been devoted to the current knowledge of cellulase production and the challenges in cellulase research especially in the direction of improving the process economics of various industries. Scientific and technological developments and the future prospects for application of cellulases in different industries are discussed in this paper

Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome with unilateral polycystic kidney disease: a rare presentation

Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome (KTWS) is a rare disease characterized by hemihypertrophy, variceal enlargement of the veins, and arteriovenous (AV) malformations. Renal involvement in KTWS is not known except in rare case reports. Herein, we present a case of KTWS with unilateral polycystic kidney. A 52-year-old male was admitted due to pain left lumbar region for the last three months. The physical findings were increased diameter and increased length of the left leg compared with the right one, diffuse variceal enlargements on left leg, portwine stain on left side on neck, thorax, abdomen, left upper limb and left lower limb and a few hemangiomatous lesions on the left leg. Radiographic findings were cystic lesions in the left kidney, varicose veins in left leg, and hypertrophy of the soft tissues of the proximal left leg. Color Doppler of left lower limb showed incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction. He was diagnosed to have KTWS with these findings. Renal function tests of the patient were in the normal range. Patient’s only complain was left lumbar region pain, mild in intensity. Patient was managed symptomatically

An Overview : Natural Bio-enhancer’s in Formulation Development

Bioenhancers are chemical entities that are obtained from synthetic as well as natural sources. They are mainly used in formulation development to enhance the bioavailability of poorly solubilized drug molecule. The ideal characteristic of bioenhancers includes inertness, nontoxic, cost effective and decrease the dose of active constituents. There are lots of natural bioenhancers available such as piperine quercetin niaziridin, genistein, glycrrhyzin, curcumin. The review focus on plant based bioenhancers and their active principle that produces those effects. There is a need of extensive study on natural bioenhancers which can be utilized in formulation development. Keywords: bioenhancer, bioavailability, piperine, curcumi